古晉福建話窒音韻尾語音變異研究

Abstract

語言接觸會引起語音變異，尤其是當兩種語言的音韻系統無仝款的時，較捷發生語音的轉變（Weinreich，1953；Thomason，1988）。古晉華人社會內底大多數是客人，但是福建話煞是共通語，代表講福建話的人，大多數毋是福建話做母語的人，嘛因為客話佮福建話的音韻系統無仝款，所以筆者想欲探討無仝語言佇咧接觸的時，產生的音韻變異現象。本研究探討古晉福建話窒音韻尾的語音變異現象，主要研究問題有兩个：（1）古晉福建話窒音韻尾的語音變異情形；（2）致使這个語音變異的原因。研究採用聽辨實驗設計，收集17位古晉福建話佮8位古晉客話發音人的語料，主要分析/-k/佮/-ʔ/韻尾的聽辨情形。實驗結果：古晉福建話窒音韻尾/-k/確實有變[-ʔ]的趨勢，大約47.06%的/-k/韻尾 hőng 聽做是[-ʔ]。這種音變情形，佇少年輩閣較明顯。本研究推測造成這个音變現象的因素有：窒音韻尾/-k/佮/-ʔ/的有標性分析、古晉福建話窒音韻尾的歷時演變、古晉華語教育政策的影響、華人家庭語言的轉變、閣有古晉華人的語言態度。本研究發現/-k/有變[-ʔ]的趨勢，毋但是受著語言接觸的影響，閣佮教育制度的改變、社會環境轉變等等有關。尤其是少年人，這个音變現象較明顯，表示這个趨勢佇未來會繼續發展。建議未來的研究會當擴大範圍到其他/-p/、/-t/的窒音韻尾，抑是採用喉電圖（EGG）來分析喉窒音的特性，分析會較全面。Language contact can lead to sound changes, particularly when two languages with different phonological systems interact (Weinreich, 1953; Thomason, 1988). In Kuching's Chinese community, while Hokkien serves as the lingua franca, but the majority of the population are Hakka speakers. This creates a unique situation where most Hokkien speakers are not native speakers, making it an ideal case for studying phonological variations in language contact. The distinctive multilingual environment of Kuching, where Hakka speakers predominantly use Hokkien as a common language, provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of sound change under language contact Thisstudy examines the sound change of stop codas in Kuching Hokkien, focusing on two research questions: (1) the patterns of stop coda variations in Kuching Hokkien and (2) the factors contributing to these variations.The research employs a perception experiment, analyzing data from 17 Kuching Hokkien speakers and 8 Kuching Hakka speakers, specifically examining the perception of /-k/ and /-ʔ/ codas. Results show a clear trend of /-k/ shifting to [-ʔ], with approximately 47.06% of /-k/ codas being perceived as [-ʔ]. This sound change is particularly prominent among younger speakers.The study identifies five factors contributing to this sound change: markedness analysis of /-k/ and /-ʔ/ codas, diachronic evolution of Kuching Hokkien stop codas, influence of Mandarin education policies, transformation of Chinese family language use, and language attitudes among Kuching Chinese.Future research could expand to examine other stop codas (/-p/, /-t/) and employ electroglottography (EGG) for more comprehensive analysis of glottal stops.