臺北市高職學生完美主義、生活壓力與憂鬱傾向之相關研究

Abstract

本研究旨在瞭解不同背景變項的臺北市高職學生在完美主義、生活壓力與憂鬱傾向之差異情形，同時探討臺北市高職學生完美主義、生活壓力與憂鬱傾向之間的關係。本研究以1,244 位臺北市高職一至三年級的學生為研究對象，採用問卷調查法進行資料蒐集，以「多元完美主義量表」、「生活壓力量表」及「流行病學研究中心量表」為研究工具，所得資料以描述統計、單因子多變量變異數分析、單因子單變量變異數分析、t 檢定、皮爾森積差相關及多元迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析，本研究主要結果如下：

一、不同年級與性別的臺北市高職學生在完美主義之分析 1.不同年級的臺北市高職學生，在整體完美主義上有顯著差異，高職三年級學生的「他人取向完美主義」高於一年級學生，二年級學生的「他人取向完美主義」亦高於一年級學生。 2.不同性別的臺北市高職學生，在整體完美主義上有顯著差異，高職女學生的「自我取向完美主義」高於男學生。

二、不同年級與性別的臺北市高職學生在生活壓力之分析 1.不同年級的臺北市高職學生，在整體生活壓力上有顯著差異，高職三年級學生的「自我方面生活壓力」高於一年級學生。 2.不同性別的臺北市高職學生，在整體生活壓力上有顯著差異，高職男學生的「學校方面生活壓力」和「異性交往生活壓力」高於女學生。

三、不同年級與性別的臺北市高職學生在憂鬱傾向之分析 1.不同年級的臺北市高職學生，在整體憂鬱傾向上有顯著差異，高職三年級學生的憂鬱傾向高於一年級學生。 2.不同性別的臺北市高職學生，在整體憂鬱傾向上有顯著差異，高職女學生之憂鬱傾向高於高職男學生。

四、臺北市高職學生完美主義、生活壓力與憂鬱傾向的關係 1.臺北市高職學生的完美主義與憂鬱傾向之間為正相關。「社會要求完美主義」與「自我要求完美主義」能有效預測其憂鬱傾向，預測力達13%。 2.臺北市高職學生的生活壓力與憂鬱傾向之間為正相關。「自我方面生活壓力」、「人際交友生活壓力」與「學校方面生活壓力」能有效預測其憂鬱傾向，預測力達37%。 3.臺北市高職學生的完美主義與生活壓力之間為正相關。「社會要求完美主義」、「自我要求完美主義」與「要求他人完美主義」能有效預測其生活壓力，預測力達13%。 4.臺北市高職學生之完美主義與生活壓力能有效聯合預測其憂鬱傾向，預測力達34%。

The purpose of the study was to investigate the differences in perfectionism, life stress, and depression among vocational high school students of different background variables, as well as to explore the relationships among perfectionism, life stress, and depression for the students. The sample consisted of 1,244 students from 1th to 3th grades in vocational high schools of Taipei City. In the present study, data was collected through a survey method, and instruments used in the study were Multidimensional Perfectionism scale, Life Stress Scale and Center of Epidemiological Study Depression. Data obtained in the study were analyzed by descriptive statistics, one-way MANOVA, one-way ANOVA, t-test, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Main findings of this research were as follows:

1. The aspect of perfectionism （1）With regard to different grades of students , there were significant differences among 1th to 3th grades students. The 3th grade students experienced higher degree of other-oriented perfectionism than 1th grade, and the 2th grade students also experienced higher level of other-oriented perfectionism than 1th grade. （2）With regard to different gender of students , there were significant differences between boys and girls. The girls experienced higher level of self-oriented perfectionism the boys.

2. The aspect of life stress （1）With regard to different grades of students , there were significant differences among 1th to 3th grades students. The 3th grade students experienced higher level of individual stress than 1th grade. （2）With regard to different gender of students , there were significant differences between boys and girls. The boys experienced higher level of school stress and dating stress than the girls.

3. The aspect of depression （1）With regard to different grades of students , there were significant differences among 1th to 3th grades students. The 3th grade students experienced higher level of depression than 1th grade. （2）With regard to different gender of students , there were significant differences between boys and girls. The girls experienced higher level of depression than the boys.

4. The relationship among perfectionism, life stress, and depression （1）There was a positive correlation between perfectionism and depression. Social prescribed perfectionism and self-oriented perfectionism could predict depression, and the predictability was 13%. （2）There was a positive correlation between life stress and depression. Individual stress, interpersonal stress and school stress could predict depression, and thepredictability was 37%. （3）There was a positive correlation between perfectionism and life stress. Social prescribed perfectionism, self-oriented perfectionism and other-oriented perfectionism could predict life stress, and the predictability was 13%. （4）Perfectionism and life stress could predict depression, and the predictability was 34%.