探討社區失智老人家庭照顧者支持性服務需求之相關因素研究-以臺北市大同區為例

Abstract

本問卷旨在探討臺北市大同區社區失智老人家庭照顧者支持性服務需求之相關因素，研究對象為臺北市政府衛生局列冊居住大同區的失智症之主要照顧者，採橫斷式調查，以結構式問卷透過訪視進行資料收集，共完成133份。 本研究結果歸納整理如下： 一、社區失智老人家庭照顧者之支持性服務需求，最大需求為經濟層面及資訊層面，尤其是賦稅優惠、看護費用補助、特別照顧津貼、提供相關照顧服務的資訊等。 二、社區失智老人家庭照顧者特質、照顧情形與照顧者支持性服務需求有顯著差異的項目包括：性別、婚姻狀況、與老人的關係、經濟狀況、就業狀況、照顧月數、老人失智程度、照顧者的發展階段、資源使用情形共9項；尤其是經濟狀況及就業狀況。 三、社區失智老人家庭照顧者照顧情形與支持性服務需求之相關分析結果：與資訊層面需求呈現負相關的包括：照顧者照顧月數、照顧者一日照顧時數、老人的失智程度、照顧者的發展階段及資源使用情形；與經濟層面需求呈現正相關的有老人的失智程度；與喘息服務層面需求呈現負相關的有家庭照顧方式。 四、照顧者大多使用過資源，但使用的項次卻不多，平均使用過1.85人次，顯示需再加強宣導，以提升資源利用率，減輕照顧者負擔，資源使用以社區照顧服務最多，其次依序為社會福利資源、長期照顧服務及照顧者支持服務；未使用資源的原因，以不知道相關資源居多，其次依序為沒有意識到需要服務、使用看護無法使用、因服務項目不合適、沒時間使用、交通不方便、經濟因素而不使用。 根據本研究結果，建議針對社區失智老人照顧者特質，提早提供相關資訊、服務及轉介，以及相關配套的經濟支援，以支持照顧者持續提供社區失智症老人，優質的在地老化照顧，以減少社會成本及維護失智症及照顧者的身心健康。

This study aims to explore the factors associated with supportive service needs for family caregivers of the dementia elderly in the community of Datong District，Taipei City. The research objects are the main caregivers of dementia resident in Datong District listed by the Taipei Municipal Health Bureau. The cross-sectional survey is adopted to collect data through interviews based on a structural questionnaire and a total of 133 copies are completed. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1.Among supportive service needs for family caregivers of the dementia elderly in the community，the most needs are the economic and information levels，especially tax benefits，nursing care subsidies，special care allowances，and provided information about related care services. 2.The characteristics and care status of family caregivers for dementia elderly with significantly different supportive service needs of caregivers include 9 items，gender，marital status，relationship with the elderly， financial status，employment status，number of months of care，degree of dementia of the elderly，development stage of caregivers，and status of using resources，especially financial status，and employment status. 3..The analytical result of the correlations between the care status of family caregivers for dementia elderly and the supportive service needs shows that the items negatively correlated with the information need include number of months of care，time of care in a day，degree of dementia of the elderly，development stage of caregivers，and status of using resources. The items positively correlated with the financial need include degree of dementia of the elderly. The items negatively correlated with the respite care service need include approach of family care 4.Most of the caregivers have used resources，but they have not used many items. On average，1.85 items are used by a person. This indicates that further publicity is needed to improve resource utilization and reduce the burden of caregivers. The most used for resources is community care services and followed by social welfare resources，long-term care services， and caregiver support services. The most reason for not using resources is that the related resources are not known，followed by the lack of awareness of the need for services，unusable caregivers，inappropriate service items， no time to use，inconvenient transportation，and lack economic ability. According to the results of this study，it is recommended to provide relevant information，services and referrals in advance based on the characteristics of caregivers for the dementia elderly in the community. As well as related financial support is given to support the caregivers to continuously provide the dementia elderly in the community with quality local aging care to reduce social costs and maintain the physical and mental health of dementia and caregivers.