國小學生口腔衛生行為及其相關因素探討-以新北市某國小學生為例

Abstract

本研究之目的在探討國小學生口腔衛生行為及其相關因素探討，並以自編之結構式問卷進行調查。研究母群體為102學年度第一學期就讀於新北市三峽區某國小全體學生，共得有效樣本數114份，回收率96.6%。本研究主要結果如下︰ 一、本研究對象無論在口腔衛生知識、態度、行為及自我效能上，男生、女生均無顯著差異。 二、本研究對象的口腔衛生知識尚可，而口腔衛生態度、口腔衛生行為、個人口腔衛生自我效能，皆偏向正向程度。 三、本研究對象的口腔衛生知識、口腔衛生態度、口腔衛生自我效能、口腔衛生行為、口腔衛生重要他人態度，會因年級、學業成績、與父母同住、母親國籍、父母社經地位而有顯著差異。 四、本研究對象的口腔衛生知識、態度、口腔衛生重要他人態度，以五年級表現最好。而口腔衛生自我效能呈現中上程度的正向行為，以六年級表現最好。 五、本研究對象的口腔衛生知識、口腔衛生態度、口腔衛生自我效能、口腔衛生重要他人態度與個人口腔衛生行為之間的關係皆達顯著的正相關。 六、社會人口學變項中的年級、學業成績、擔任班級幹部、是否與父母同住、母親國籍，可顯著預測其個人口腔衛生行為。 七、「口腔衛生知識」、「口腔衛生自我效能」、「與父母同住」對口腔衛生行為變異的總解釋力為80.7%，其中又以「口腔衛生知識」的影響力最為顯著，其次為「口腔衛生自我效能」。The purpose of this study was to survey the oral health behavior of students at an elementary school in New Taipei City and to investigate the factors affecting their oral health behavior. The data was collected through structured questionnaires, with a research population sample targeting all students at the school during the fall 2013 semester. There are 114 valid respondents (96.6％ of the students). The main findings are as follows： 1.Among the students surveyed, there are no marked differences between boys and girls in their levels of oral health knowledge, attitude, behavior, and self-efficacy. 2.The students surveyed have adequate levels of oral health knowledge. They show positive levels of oral health attitude, behavior, and self-efficacy. 3.The students surveyed show marked differences in their levels of oral health knowledge, attitude, behavior, influence by the attitudes of important figures, and self-efficacy when taking into account the following factors: (1) level of schooling (2) level of academic achievement (3) living together with or apart from parents (4) mother’s country of origin (5) socioeconomic status 4.Among the students surveyed, fifth graders show the highest level of oral health knowledge, attitude, as well as the most amount of positive influence by the attitudes of important figures. Sixth graders show the highest levels of self-efficacy. 5.The students are surveyed for their oral health knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, influence by the attitudes important others, and behavior. All of these factors exhibit a clear, positive relationship with one another. 6. The following socio-demographic differences can serve as good predictors of individual oral health behavior among the students: (1) Grade of schooling (2) Level of academic achievement (3) Service in class leadership positions (4) Living together with or apart from parents (5) Mother’s country of origin (6) Level of education attained by parents 7. Oral health knowledge, oral health self-efficacy, and whether students live with or apart from their parents have the greatest combined effect (80.7%) on changes in oral health behavior. Of these factors, oral health knowledge was the most influential, followed by oral health self-efficacy. Key words： oral health knowledge, oral health attitudes, and oral health behavior