賴仁聲兩個時代台語小說中的借詞比較

Abstract

語言接觸會造成語言e改變，m管是語音、語詞抑是語法上攏會thang發現著受影響e痕跡。本文是以賴仁聲台語小說所使用的借詞作研究對象，會選擇伊e作品做語料分析是因為伊本身是一位牧師，ti教會內接觸著外國傳教士ui廈門所chah來e口音kap語詞，進一步影響著賴仁聲創作時的用詞kap腔口。而且伊e文學創作時間koh tu好haN過日本kap國民政府兩個統治時期，時代、政治、語言環境e改變仝款嘛影響著伊小說內所使用的語詞。 Ti語料統計上，筆者發現賴仁聲小說e詞頻覆蓋率差不多ti前5000個詞時已經超過95％，顯示伊e小說詞型用量ti 5000個左右。另外，筆者嘛比較小說全羅馬字kap漢羅合用這兩種版本e差別，統計結果顯示兩種版本e詞型、詞符量攏無一致，筆者歸納原因可能是（1）人為建立檔案時e失誤（2）電腦斷詞判斷錯誤（3）羅馬字同音詞e影響（4）漢字同形詞e影響（5）原作者拼寫無一致（6）原作者連字符號（hyphen）e誤用。 最後，筆者以1945年做基準，將賴仁聲創作分做前後兩個時代。筆者發現賴仁聲伊所用e教會用語詞符量比例並無差異siuN大，主要是因為伊e小說攏以宗教為主，只有一篇是寓言翻譯，影響無大。但是日語借詞ti 1945年代以後略略仔降低，總詞符量減少0.16％，原因是受著強勢華語e影響，部分日語借詞hou華語借詞取代。賴仁聲使用華語借詞ti 1945年代前是真罕得看著，kan-na佔0.01％，m7-koh到國民政府時期soah chheng koan到0.81％，che顯示出賴仁聲ti 1945年代以後受著華語影響非常明顯，創作上開始大量使用華語借詞，作品漸漸傾向華語化。

Language contact would cause language changes, including phonetic, lexical and syntactic ones. This thesis studies on the loanwords in Lōa Jîn-seng’s Taiwanese novels. Being as a priest, Lōa Jîn-seng was influenced by Amoy accents carried to Taiwan by foreign priests as shown in his novels. Since his novels were written during both the Japanese colonial era and the R.O.C era, his experience of political change and language contact was revealed in the lexical uses in his novels. According to the statistical analysis on the corpus, it is obvious that of all the words Lōa Jîn-seng used in his novels, the top 5000 have already occupied 95%, indicating that there are around 5000 word types in his novels. Besides, the number of word types and word tokens in Romanization version does not conform to that of Sino-Romanization version. The factors that cause the difference are listed as bellow: （1）error in artificial typing（2）error in computer-aided segmentation（3）homophone inTaiwanese Romanization（4）homonymy in Chinese characters（5）different spelling according to the anther（6）misuse of hyphen according to the author. Moreover, Lōa Jîn-seng’s novels can be divided into two eras by the year of 1945. Comparison of corpora in two eras shows that loanwords related to church words have remained as usual in quantity, since his novels are still characterized by religious topics except for one translated fable; Japanese loanwords, partially substituted by in-power Mandarin loanwords, have had a slightly decline of 0.16% on word tokens; Mandarin loanwords have increased significantly from 0.01% to 0.81%, indicating that Lōa Jîn-seng was seriously influenced by Mandarin as shown in the considerable Mandarin loanwords he used.