文化創意產業國家投資策略之研究—以主權財富基金為例

Abstract

本文從臺灣政府擁有豐富金融資源，但比起外國較不重視文化軟實力的發展談起，透過國家基金與主權財富基金投資有關理論和實證研究的一系列探討，同時經由國家競爭力與美學經濟的介紹，歸納出政府在投資文化創意產業政策上的重要議題，試圖從政府、企業界、學術界的角度研析相關應對策略。希望藉由爬梳文獻、個案研究與深入訪談，以及實務統計資料分析的結果，找出現象問題的根源，從中尋求適當的對策與因應之道；研究過程採用文獻分析法、個案研究法、深度訪談法與比較研究法等，從理論文獻及國內外國家主權基金運作，檢視我國政府投資文化創意產業現狀；最後，歸納出國家資本在投資文化創意產業決策上的策略思維，並依循觀念架構進行命題探討，作為對政府、文創業者與學術界重要的參考資訊。透過文獻與實證，經過命題分析過程，本論文發現重要之研究結果：一、國家領導階層欠缺上位思考的能力，國家發展文化創意產業的目標應在於提升國家競爭力，並強化國民幸福感；二、臺灣文化創意產業歷經20年發展，仍存在產業間觀念隔閡的衝突，影響文化產業發展至鉅；三、我國文創產業面臨的挑戰，在於產業生態鏈的不足，其關鍵主因在於「跨文化與經濟之人才與人力」不足、「資本」不願投入、消費「市場規模」無法擴展、「創新研究」機能疲弱；四、政府運用投資作為國家發展的工具，透過資金運用與配置，經由乘數效應，擴大政策效果；五、政府在推動特定產業發展的初期，應透過成功的投資行為，吸引民間資金跟隨投資；六、國家成立主權財富基金的優點，在於集中管理國家剩餘資本，或利用金融市場過多游資，將國家資本發揮最大的運用效益。論文最後，提出對政府施政、對文化創意企業經營、對學術界後續研究之重要建議。

This article starts from the fact that the Taiwanese government has abundant financial resources, but less emphasis on the development of cultural soft power than foreign countries, through a series of discussions on theories and empirical studies related to the investment of national funds and sovereign wealth funds, and at the same time through national competitiveness and aesthetic economics, and attempts to analyze related issues and countermeasures from the perspective of the government, business circles, and academia. The purpose of the research is to find out the root cause of the phenomenon and seek appropriate countermeasures and coping methods by reviewing the literature, in-depth interviews, and the results of practical statistical data analysis; the research method uses literature analysis, case study, and In-depth interviews and comparative research methods, from theoretical literature and the operation of national sovereign funds at home and abroad, review the current situation of my country's government investment in cultural and creative industries; finally, summarize the strategic thinking of national capital in investment in cultural and creative industries, and follow the conceptual framework Proposition discussion.

Through literature and empirical analysis, and through the process of proposition analysis, this thesis finds that the important research results are as follows: 1. The national leadership lacks the ability to think at a higher level. The goal of the country's development of cultural and creative industries should be to enhance the country's competitiveness and enhance national happiness; 2. After 20 years of development in Taiwan’s cultural and creative industries, there are still conflicts of conceptual barriers between industries, affecting the development of the cultural industry to a huge extent; 3. The challenge that China’s cultural and creative industries face lies in the insufficiency of the industrial ecological chain. Insufficient talents and manpower for culture and economy, unwillingness to invest in capital, inability to expand the scale of consumption, and weak “innovative research” function; 4. The government uses investment as a tool for national development, through the use and allocation of funds, through Multiplier effect, expand policy effect; 5. The government should attract private capital to follow investment through successful investment behavior in the initial stage of promoting the development of specific industries; 6. The advantage of the state’s establishment of sovereign wealth funds lies in the centralized management of the country’s surplus capital, or Utilizing excessive hot money in the financial market can maximize the use of national capital.At the end of the thesis, based on the research results, it puts forward relevant suggestions on government governance, management of cultural entrepreneurs, and follow-up research on academic circles.