台灣北部地區國中菸害防制工作及其相關因素研究

Abstract

本研究之主旨是在調查北部地區國中菸害防制工作的現況，並探討學校背景資料與菸害防制行政管理、菸害防制服務和菸害防制教學現況間的關係。 本研究根據研究目的，並參酌國內外有關文獻，擬定「台灣北部地區國中菸害防制工作現況及其相關因素調查問卷」，採郵寄問卷調查方式，蒐集台北縣市、宜蘭縣、新竹縣市等五縣市國中校園菸害防制工作現況，共計有210所學校，回收問卷總計132份，總回收率為62.9％。研究結果發現： 一、學校背景因素：學校週遭店家販賣菸品給學生的情形嚴重；學校之菸害防制校風趨正向。 二、菸害防制行政管理：僅五成學校訂定教職員工及參訪者禁止在校園內吸菸之規定；發現學生吸菸時，柔性管理方式是學務主任較常採取的方式；管理人員預防學生吸菸措施做得不錯。 三、菸害防制服務：八成以上學校提供菸害防制服務，以個案追蹤輔導、提供如戒菸專線、戒菸手冊資源和戒菸諮商較多。 四、菸害防制教學：有五成以上老師使用媒體教學、小組討論法來進行菸害防制教學；有三、四成老師使用角色扮演、戲劇表演、實驗法；僅有一成老師使用遊戲法。 五、學校背景資料與菸害防制行政管理、服務、教學的關係：參與菸害防制相關計畫的學校較常採取柔性方式管理吸菸學生、舉辦多元化菸害防制宣導活動、對學校的菸害防制管理有較好的評價，並且提供較多種的菸害防制服務；教職員吸菸率較低的學校其菸害防制管理辦法與校園營造的方法較多，對於吸菸學生的管理較常採取柔性方式，學務主任執行預防學生吸菸的措施也較佳；學生吸菸率較低的學校其參與菸害防制服務人員的種類較多、健康教育教師也使用較多種教學方法；整體菸害防制校風佳的學校，其管理人員預防學生吸菸的措施做得越多、提供的菸害防制服務種類也越多。 根據調查的結果，建議應暢通資源管道，加強菸害防制相關計畫永續經營與增進，並鼓勵家長、社區民眾參與學校活動，再者配合法令的宣導與落實，將有助於校園菸害防制工作之推動。The purpose of this study is to investigate the status quo of tobacco control in junior high schools in northern districts. The correlations between backgrounds of the schools, administrative management of tobacco control, tobacco control service and tobacco control education will be explored. Based on the objective of the study and domestic and overseas related literature, a “questionnaire survey of the status quo and relevant factors of tobacco control in junior high schools in northern Taiwan” was formulated and sent by mail to collect data from 210 junior high schools in five counties and cities, including Taipei City, Taipei County, Yilan County, Hsinchu City and Hsinchu County. A total of 132 copies was retrieved with a total recall ratio of 62.9%. Results of the study are listed as follows: 1.Backgrounds of schools: Most of the stores near schools sell tobacco products to students. Tobacco control in schools tends to be positive. 2.Administrative management of tobacco control: Only half of the schools have specific regulations against the faculty and visitors smoking on campus. It is found a soft approach is usually the means taken by deans of studies when students are caught smoking. Preventive actions against students’ smoking taken by the management are quite good. 3.Tobacco control service: Over 80% of the schools provide tobacco control service like follow-ups on individual cases, a dedicated line for smoking cessation, resources and manuals on smoking cessation and consultations on quitting smoking. 4.Tobacco control education: More than half of the teachers use media and team reviews for tobacco control teaching. 30 to 40% of the teachers use role play and experimentation methods. Only 10% of the teachers use games. 5.Correlations between backgrounds of the schools, administrative management, service and education of tobacco control: Schools participating in tobacco control related programs often adopt a soft approach to management of smoking students and hold diversified promotion activities against tobacco hazards, which earns them better comments on tobacco control and management. Besides, they also provide various types of tobacco control service. Schools with fewer smoking faculty have more regulations on tobacco control and offer more methods for campus innovation. A softer approach is usually taken for management of smoking students. The measures taken by deans of studies against smoking are better, too. Personnel that participate in tobacco control service activities from schools having a lower rate of smoking students are more diversified and teachers of health education adopt a variety of teaching methods. For the schools that have a better school spirit against tobacco hazards as a whole, the management takes more actions to prevent students from smoking and provides a greater variety of tobacco control service. According to the results of the survey, it is suggested resources should be available, sustainable management and promotion of tobacco control related programs shall be enhanced, parents of the students and people from communities should be encouraged to take part in activities at school and statutory regulations ought to be promulgated and practiced for the benefit of tobacco control tasks on campus.