互承結構應用於木製家具之創作研究
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2021
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家具是生活空間中重要的元素，家具設計的創意與精巧更大大影響了家具產品的質量，台灣的家具產業雖然已有若干品牌嘗試透過設計來提高產品的價值，但大部分仍停留在代工與仿製的經營思維，相較於國際上的家具設計品牌，台灣的家具設計更應思考可突破之處。筆者於宋朝的清明上河圖與達文西的手繪稿中發現一特殊的結構，名為互承結構，互承結構的組合型式繁多，如果從眾多的變化中，能找出尚未使用於家具結構且適合運用於家具設計上的互承結構類型，實際應用於家具設計中，相信能創造出別具特色的家具產品。
本研究以實務導向研究的脈絡，於文獻探討中，敘述互承結構的歷史與發展，了解互承結構的特性與規則，並探討家具設計的步驟、家具結構的原則、家具製作的程序，做為設計創作的參考。其次，紀錄互承結構基本單元的組合形式，分析互承結構平面網格圖形組合的可能性，並從案例中汲取互承結構運用於家具產品的經驗，再以解析性的試作，於實際的互承結構模型製作過程中，觀察、修正與解決問題，建構出互承結構製作的細節與方法。最後，以上述研究分析為基礎，分別以漂浮、疊加、延伸為主題，創作出三件，具有原創性的互承結構家具設計作品。
本論文欲在傳統的家具設計與結構系統上，帶來不一樣的思考，經過測試與實作，發現了，可經由三角函數的計算求得互承元件上的複斜角度；更透過3D模型與投影幾何繪圖的驗證，證明了所求得複斜角度的正確性。透過本篇論文的撰寫，可做為家具設計師或細木作愛好者在設計或創作家具時的參考與依據，設計者如果能熟悉互承結構的原則與製作的細節，靈活運用於家具設計中，更是創造出具互承特性之原創性家具的機會，但以互承結構不易分析的角度來看，仍充滿了挑戰。
Furniture is an important element in the living space, and the creativity and refinement of furniture design greatly influence the quality of furniture products. Although several brands in Taiwan's furniture industry have tried to improve the value of their products through design, the majority of them are still stuck in the logic of OEM manufacturing and imitation. By comparison with the international furniture design brands, Taiwan's furniture design appears to be lacking in creativeness. The author found a special structure called Reciprocal Structures in a painting from the Song Dynasty, named "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" and in a Da Vinci’s manuscript. The Reciprocal Structures avail of a wide variety of combinations. If the type of Reciprocal Structures not yet used in furniture structuring can be found out and if it matches the suitability for furniture design, and its application, then, definitely, furniture products with unique special features can be created.This study takes a practice-led research approach in which literature reviews are explored, where the history and development of reciprocal structures are described and their characteristics and nature understood. It also explores the steps in furniture design, the principles of furniture structure, and the procedures of furniture-making as a reference for design and creation. Next, the combination of the basic units of the reciprocal structures is documented, and the possibility of planar network graphics combination of the reciprocal structures is analyzed. The experience of applying the reciprocal structures to furniture products is also drawn from the case study. Then, through the actual process of reciprocal structures model-making during the resolvability trial run, observe, correct, solve the problems and construct the details and methods of making reciprocal structures. Finally, based on the above research and analysis, three original furniture designs with reciprocal structures are created with the themes of floating, superposition, and extension respectively.This paper aims to bring a different way of thinking to the traditional furniture design and structure system. Following testing and practical work, it is found that the double oblique lines on the reciprocal elements can be obtained by the calculation of the trigonometric functions. The 3D model and the geometrical projection drawing have been used to verify the correctness of the angle of complex inclination. The composition of this paper may serve as a reference and basis for furniture designers or joinery enthusiasts in designing or creating furniture. If designers are familiar with the principles and details of reciprocal structures, they can flexibly apply them to furniture design, creating a greater opportunity to produce original furniture with reciprocal characteristics. However, from the perspective that reciprocal structures are not easy to analyze, it will certainly be a tremendous task.
Furniture is an important element in the living space, and the creativity and refinement of furniture design greatly influence the quality of furniture products. Although several brands in Taiwan's furniture industry have tried to improve the value of their products through design, the majority of them are still stuck in the logic of OEM manufacturing and imitation. By comparison with the international furniture design brands, Taiwan's furniture design appears to be lacking in creativeness. The author found a special structure called Reciprocal Structures in a painting from the Song Dynasty, named "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" and in a Da Vinci’s manuscript. The Reciprocal Structures avail of a wide variety of combinations. If the type of Reciprocal Structures not yet used in furniture structuring can be found out and if it matches the suitability for furniture design, and its application, then, definitely, furniture products with unique special features can be created.This study takes a practice-led research approach in which literature reviews are explored, where the history and development of reciprocal structures are described and their characteristics and nature understood. It also explores the steps in furniture design, the principles of furniture structure, and the procedures of furniture-making as a reference for design and creation. Next, the combination of the basic units of the reciprocal structures is documented, and the possibility of planar network graphics combination of the reciprocal structures is analyzed. The experience of applying the reciprocal structures to furniture products is also drawn from the case study. Then, through the actual process of reciprocal structures model-making during the resolvability trial run, observe, correct, solve the problems and construct the details and methods of making reciprocal structures. Finally, based on the above research and analysis, three original furniture designs with reciprocal structures are created with the themes of floating, superposition, and extension respectively.This paper aims to bring a different way of thinking to the traditional furniture design and structure system. Following testing and practical work, it is found that the double oblique lines on the reciprocal elements can be obtained by the calculation of the trigonometric functions. The 3D model and the geometrical projection drawing have been used to verify the correctness of the angle of complex inclination. The composition of this paper may serve as a reference and basis for furniture designers or joinery enthusiasts in designing or creating furniture. If designers are familiar with the principles and details of reciprocal structures, they can flexibly apply them to furniture design, creating a greater opportunity to produce original furniture with reciprocal characteristics. However, from the perspective that reciprocal structures are not easy to analyze, it will certainly be a tremendous task.
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互承結構, 細木作, 家具設計, 實務導向研究, Reciprocal Structures, Joinery, Furniture Design, Practice-led Research