知覺教練自主支持與選手幸福感的關係: 探討心理彈性的調節效果

Abstract

隨著正向心理學的思潮，許多運動心理學者在追求運動員表現同時也開始關心運動員的幸福感，認為運動員在身心平衡的狀態中才能向卓越表現邁進。目前心理彈性理論為了解個體幸福感的重要因子，因此，本研究一為驗證中文版心理彈性量表信度與效度的考驗，以利後續研究檢驗其理論。除此之外，過去研究大部分僅單從人格或是環境因素探討運動選手幸福感的成因，缺乏了互動論的觀點。因此，本研究二之目的為探討在運動情境中知覺教練自主支持對選手幸福感關係，並檢驗心理彈性此一般性的人格特質的調節效果。本研究欲以大專甲組運動員為研究對象，採用問卷調查法。研究一結果驗證中文版心理彈性量表有良好的因素效度、大學生與運動員的測量不變性與良好的效標關聯效度。研究二則驗證心理彈性對知覺教練自主支持與運動倦怠關係有調節效果，研究結果發現，高心理彈性選手比低心理彈性選手更擴張知覺教練自主支持削弱運動倦怠的效果。說明選手在相同自主支持的環境中，會因為心理彈性程度的個別差異在運動倦怠的程度上也會有所不同。除此之外，研究結果顯示心理彈性對知覺教練自主支持與主觀幸福感關係間沒有調節效果，此研究結果不符研究假設。整體而言，透過本研究可深化心理彈性理論的外在效度並對心理彈性的範疇有更深的認識，同時亦根據研究發現提供實務上的建議。With the advent of positive psychology, many sports psychologists have focused on pursuing athletes’ performance and well-being concurrently. To achieve outstanding performance, sport psychologists thought athletes need to keep the balance between physical and mental health. Presently, psychological flexibility is a crucial factor in shaping individual’s well-being. Therefore, the purpose of study 1 was to validate the psychometric properties of the Chinese psychological flexibility questionnaire for athletes. Furthermore, most of previous researches have investigated how to promote athlete well-being through only dispositional or situational factors but ignoring interactionism perspective. Thus, the purpose of study 2 was to examine the relationship between perceived coach autonomy support and athlete well-being, also the moderating effect of general trait of psychological flexibility. The present study recruited athletes from collegiate team Division I and adopted survey method. The results of study 1 found adequate internal consistencyreliability, factorial validity and criterion related validity. Most important, factorial invariance of the psychological flexibility measurement was demonstrated across college students and athletes. The results of study 2 indicated that perceived coach autonomy support was negatively related to athlete burnout. Furthermore, psychological flexibility strengthens the relationship between perceived coach autonomy support and athlete burnout. However, the psychological flexibility could not moderate the relationship between perceived coach autonomy support and athletes’ well-being. Overall, the results of current study contribute to psychological flexibility literature by extending the external vitality in sport context and the practice implications were also offered.