高職機械群技能選手訓練策略之研究
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2004
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技能水準的提昇除了課程內的教育訓練外，參與技藝競賽彼此相互觀摩學習，是技能推昇非常重要的動能及手段。研究者在技藝競賽機械職類選手訓練領域上摸索了十多年，認為技能訓練除了要有足夠的行政支援與訓練環境外，善用訓練策略的教師及有計畫的訓練，亦是有效技能訓練不可或缺的條件。
本研究的主要目的，在探討機械相關職類技藝競賽選手的訓練策略。訓練策略之优劣取決於競賽成績的表現，它是教師考量現有的訓練條件，選擇有效的訓練方式及本身的經驗，所實施的知識融入、技術分析、方法抉擇以促進訓練效能的構思與執行過程。
本研究的主要發現，選手訓練除了務實正確的技能操作訓練外，還必須認知與動機信念的強化並重，從心理上增進選手訓練的動能與配合策略運用的意願，才能提高訓練的效能。以目前的競賽環境，研究發現顯著影響競賽成績表現的訓練條件，列述如下：
一. 下列五項選手訓練重點 1.訓練動機與激勵，2.行政支援，3.訓練目標設定，4.教師訓練風格，5.引導學習與評量，會顯著影響競賽成績的表現，其執行程度越高競賽成績表現越好。
二. 全國技能競賽與高中工科技藝競賽選手的訓練方式，除了「訓練動機與激勵」外，其餘訓練構面並沒有顯著不同。
三. 選手訓練時間足夠競賽成績表現較好，訓練教師組織方式在競賽成績表現上並沒有顯著的不同。
In addition to the instruction and the training in the formal curriculum, participating in the job skill competition and learning through observation of other competitors will be excellent and powerful means to uplift the students’ skill abilities. The researcher, who has been devoted to training the contestants in the field of the machinery-related job skill for more than ten years, thinks that besides having full administrative support and a better training environment, a teacher who is good at handling the training strategy and perfecting training projects is also a necessity of a successful job skill competition training. The main purpose of the study was to explore the training strategy of the contestants participating in the job skill contests of machinery-related jobs. The effectiveness of the training strategy will be closely related to the performance of the contestants and the training teacher’s behaviors will have an influence on the grades the contestants get. The teacher’s behaviors, including how he chooses a valid training method, whether he has enough teaching experience in the specified field, which professional content knowledge he has, which technique analysis he adopts to carry out the plan, and how his choice of training method ,will promote the effectiveness of training. The researcher found that, besides helping contestants properly develop the operation skills, the training teacher must enhance the contestants’ cognition and the learning motivation at the same time. The training teacher must also strengthen the kinesthetic state of mind in contestants and continuously apply practical strategies during the process so that the expected discipline effect(s) can be raised. Given thecurrent contest environment, the researcher found some training factors that will have obvious impact on the contest result. The main findings of the research are as follows: 1. Five different elements of the contestant training－the training motivation and factors of encouragement, the administrative support system, the training target, the teacher's training style, and the training instructions and skill evaluation－would obviously affect the contestants’ performance. The more the five key elements are put into practice, the better result the contestants can reach. 2. Except for the ways to raise the contestants’ motivation and the encouragement, there is no significant difference in the training methods of the contestants for national job skill contest or for the senior high schools job skill contest. 3. Longer and sufficient time provided for the contest training can lead to a better performance of the contestants. However, the organization of teacher’s training project will not obviously influence the performance in contests.
In addition to the instruction and the training in the formal curriculum, participating in the job skill competition and learning through observation of other competitors will be excellent and powerful means to uplift the students’ skill abilities. The researcher, who has been devoted to training the contestants in the field of the machinery-related job skill for more than ten years, thinks that besides having full administrative support and a better training environment, a teacher who is good at handling the training strategy and perfecting training projects is also a necessity of a successful job skill competition training. The main purpose of the study was to explore the training strategy of the contestants participating in the job skill contests of machinery-related jobs. The effectiveness of the training strategy will be closely related to the performance of the contestants and the training teacher’s behaviors will have an influence on the grades the contestants get. The teacher’s behaviors, including how he chooses a valid training method, whether he has enough teaching experience in the specified field, which professional content knowledge he has, which technique analysis he adopts to carry out the plan, and how his choice of training method ,will promote the effectiveness of training. The researcher found that, besides helping contestants properly develop the operation skills, the training teacher must enhance the contestants’ cognition and the learning motivation at the same time. The training teacher must also strengthen the kinesthetic state of mind in contestants and continuously apply practical strategies during the process so that the expected discipline effect(s) can be raised. Given thecurrent contest environment, the researcher found some training factors that will have obvious impact on the contest result. The main findings of the research are as follows: 1. Five different elements of the contestant training－the training motivation and factors of encouragement, the administrative support system, the training target, the teacher's training style, and the training instructions and skill evaluation－would obviously affect the contestants’ performance. The more the five key elements are put into practice, the better result the contestants can reach. 2. Except for the ways to raise the contestants’ motivation and the encouragement, there is no significant difference in the training methods of the contestants for national job skill contest or for the senior high schools job skill contest. 3. Longer and sufficient time provided for the contest training can lead to a better performance of the contestants. However, the organization of teacher’s training project will not obviously influence the performance in contests.
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技藝競賽, 技能學習, 選手訓練, 訓練策略, Job skill contest, skill learning, contestant training, training strategy