影響營造業勞工上班飲酒行為相關因素之研究

Abstract

本研究之主要目的是想瞭解營造業員工飲酒行為的現況，並探討飲酒行為與其背景因素、工作場所飲酒文化、同事支持、飲酒知識與飲酒經驗的關係，以及各變項對飲酒行為之預測力。本研究於民國九十五年三月至四月進行問卷施測，以台北、台中及高雄等地之營造業員工為研究對象，採立意取樣方式進行抽樣，並利用自填問卷的方式進行資料的收集，共得有效樣本162份，回收率為58.1%。所得資料以單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關及複迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析，重要結果歸納如下： 一、七成以上的受試者曾在上班時間內飲酒，一星期之平均飲酒量為356.58克。最常飲用之酒類為罐裝啤酒，其次為保力達B與維士比。 二、背景因素中年齡、種族、教育程度、工作年資等變項均和營造業勞工飲酒行為有顯著相關存在。其餘變項如性別、婚姻狀況、薪資收入、工作職位、家族飲酒史和飲酒行為間則無顯著相關存在。 三、與飲酒行為相關之因素有工作場所飲酒次文化的「對上班時間內飲酒的看法」面向以及飲酒經驗的「正面飲酒經驗」。員工於上班時間內飲酒的情形、與飲酒有關的族群比率、公司對員工飲酒之規範、同事支持、飲酒知識及負面飲酒經驗與飲酒行為間則無顯著相關存在。 四、將背景因素、工作場所飲酒文化、同事支持、飲酒知識與飲酒經驗放入複迴歸模式中，發現此模式對飲酒之預測力達到統計上之顯著水準，其對飲酒量之可解釋量達到30%，其中真正能預測飲酒量的變項為正面飲酒經驗、公司對員工飲酒行為之規範以及背景因素的年齡、家族飲酒史。 根據研究結果，本研究最後並提出對衛生教育的應用及未來研究之建議，工作場所教育訓練之內容需重視工作場所飲酒文化與正面飲酒經驗對勞工飲酒行為之影響。

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the current alcohol using behavior of construction workers, and to examine the relationships between alcohol using behavior, background factors, drinking culture of workplace, colleague’s support, alcohol knowledge, and experience. By using a purposive sampling method, 162 respondents (58.1% response rate) was selected to participate in the survey. The data were collected with a self-administrated questionnaire from Mar. to Apr. 2006. One-way ANOVA, Pearson’s product-monent correlation and Multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Overall, the results indicated that: (1) Among the subjects 70.4% have experience of drinking during working time. The average amount of alcohol drinking in a week is 356.58 grams, and the wine they drunk usually is beer. (2) Age, race, level of education, and seniority of working is correlated significantly with alcohol using behavior of construction workers. (3) Attitude about drinking during working time and previous positive alcohol experience is correlated significantly with alcohol using behavior of construction workers. (4) The amount of variance explained by the five independent variables mentioned above is 30%. The variables that had significant explanatory power on alcohol using behavior are positive alcohol experience, the drinking norms of company, age , and drinking history of family. At the end of this study, suggestions for health educations and future research are made. The author recommended that the health educational program of workplace should pay attention to the influence of drinking culture of workplace and positive alcohol experience of construction workers.