解析同性戀:台灣網路新聞中的詞彙搭配與社會態度

Abstract

摘要 隨著同志議題越來越受到重視，人們對同志文化(Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender) 的社會態度近年來也有改變的趨勢。本研究以社會語言學角度探討同志的表徵。本研究討論在台灣網路新聞媒體中三個關鍵詞彙: 同志、同性戀、同婚，如何在網路新聞中被討論與呈現，並以三個層面來分析：詞彙搭配、新聞標題、新聞內文。研究方法使用數位典藏國家型科技計畫的斷詞工具和自建語料庫軟體 (AntConc tool) 取得中文斷詞結果(Segmentation) 與關鍵詞上下文語境 (Concordance)。 研究結果顯示顯著的語義特徵。同志、同婚、同性戀的詞彙搭配有三個語意範疇的共通性: 法律涵義與政治運動(Legal Implication and Political Movement)、立場顯示 (Stance Showing)、關係與身份標籤 (Relationship and Identity Label)。同志與同性戀的詞彙搭配語意範疇極為相似包含: 破壞性行為(Destructive Behavior)、以及負面情緒 (Negative Emotion)。所收集的網路新聞語料中可發現三個重要主題: 平等與平權(Equality and Sameness)、家庭角色 (The Role of Family)、社會破壞力 (Destruction to Society)。整體而言，負面涵義詞彙與正面涵義詞彙皆在語料中出現，但負面涵義比正面涵義的詞彙表現顯著。本研究的試圖探討同志在新聞網路媒體中的描繪與語意功能上的表徵。藉由分析新聞內文中語言的使用、社會態度和語境結構，確實幫助我們了解大眾對於同志的感知、意義與評價。 關鍵詞: 網路新聞、同性戀、詞彙搭配、語意範疇、社會態度、同志ABSTRACT As concerns about homosexuality are becoming more prominent, social attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people (LGBT) have changed lately. This study attempts to investigate the representation of homosexuality from a linguistic perspective. We examine three key terms tongzhi ‘homosexual’, tongxianlian ’gay’ and tonghun ’same-sex marriage’ from news reports in Taiwan’s Internet news by studying how homosexuality is represented and described in terms of lexical collocations, headlines and news content. Making use of the tools National Digital Archives Program and AntConc (3.4.4w), we are able to retrieve word segmentation and concordance. Our collocates analysis suggests significant semantic features. The result shows that word nighboring tongzhi, tongxinglian and tonghun share three semantic categories: (i) legal implication and political movement; (ii) stance showing; (iii) relationship and identity label. Collocates of tongzhi and tongxinglian are more similar so the semantic categories overlap with each other heavily, pertaining to destructive behavior and negative emotion. We identify three major themes in homosexuality related discourses, including equality and sameness, the role of family and destruction to society. Overall, our investigation shows that positive and negative attitudes both play a role in online news; they either promote tolerance and equality or are against homosexuality. However, the result shows negative references are more prevalent than positive ones. The current study carries important implications for the linguistic representation of homosexuality, and analyzing discourses help to explore the intimate association between public perception toward homosexuality and meanings and values through language use.

Keywords: homosexuality, Internet news, lexical collocations, semantic categories, social attitudes, tongzhi