土溝農村美術館的創新U旅程與設計文化的湧現

Abstract

全球大部分的農村面臨青壯人口外流、高齡化、生態永續和城鄉落差的困境，探索永續創新的發展是農村社區刻不容緩的課題。本研究聚焦臺南後壁土溝農村社區的創新發展，論文融合多元「設計思考」觀和「U型理論」的視域探究其創新演化的歷程。 土溝從一個沒落偏僻的農村，經過2002年起在地居民自發的社區營造行動，2004年起匯入南藝大建築藝術研究所學生的協力參與，互動多年後這群年輕人留在社區創業，積極運用文化創意結合青年回鄉創業來突破農村困境，跨世代推出「土溝農村美術館」的創新實踐，並持續召喚社會參與對農村新可能性的想像。 本研究以詮釋典範中質性研究取向的個案研究法、生命故事法之原則，並運用深度匯談、參與觀察和文件分析蒐集土溝創新發展歷程的珍貴資料。研究目的有三，一是透過Ｕ型理論對集體創新演化歷程的視域，探究土溝農村社區的創新發展歷程。二是探究土溝農村社區之核心設計團隊扮演的關鍵角色，探究他們和居民的「設計對話」是如何滋養自己和居民的「設計思考」以及「內在變革」。三是探究土溝農村社區歷經社會系統創新變革的U型演化。 本研究特別強調設計參與者的心念其實是限制或開展個體或集體創新潛力的關鍵，在研究的深度參與過程研究者發現土溝農村社區跨世代的創新演化歷程包括：1.土溝有志之士的共同發起，2.沉浸農村的共同感知，3.From me to WE—優雅農夫願景的共同澄現，4. 農村社區創新的跨世代共同試驗，5.在農村現實中的共同演化的五個轉變歷程。在此創新轉變的歷程中，設計團隊與居民從生活對話發展至「設計對話」，從「設計對話」孕育「設計思考」，因注意力焦點的差異而呈現不同層次的演化，並在一波波的U型演化實踐中促成「設計文化」的浮現。土溝農村的社會創新變革關鍵在於透過共同的「實作體悟」放下自我觀點，轉向整體觀點，以「當下湧現」的澄明覺知連結生命深層意義的無限可能性。The problems resulted from outflow of youth, aging population and urban-rural gaps are challenging many global rural areas. This study aims at exploring the transformative process of Togo Village, which is a rural community located in southern Taiwan. The researcher takes great efforts to probe the design thinking of the Togo design team and how Togo Village evolves in the past decade. The study integrates multiple perspectives of “design thinking” into the evolutionary process of Otto Sharmer’s Theory U to uncover the social innovation process of Togo Village. The Togo Village Art Museum is one of the few examples in the world of which young designers co-design and co-create with local residents across generations through “design dialogue” while exploring new possibilities of rural development. The study undertakes the qualitative approaches of interpretive paradigm, case study and life story method, to gaining deep understanding of the many facets of the Togo Village’s social innovation. It also applies in-depth interview, field observation and document analysis to enrich this case study and the life story of Togo village. The purpose of this study is threefold: (1) exploring the collective transformative process of Togo village, (2) exploring the key roles of the design team and how they nurture their own and the local famers’ design thinking and inner transformation through design dialogues, and (3) exploring how Togo Village underwent the U process of social system innovation. Unlike the many other studies on design thinking, which focus on problem analysis, this study deeply relates the social innovation process of Togo Village to the inner transformation of the design team and design participants. This study finds that the Togo Village has been transforming through five movements : (1) Co-initiating based on inner calling, (2) Co-sensing by deepening observation and empathetic listening in the field, (3) Co-presencing the common vision “Graceful Farmers” through “weism”, (4) Co-realizing the social innovation across generations, (5) Co-evolving altogether in the rural village. The design team and Togo residents interact in their “daily conversation”, which is transformed into “design dialogue”, nurturing their “design thinking”. Their “design thinking” evolves at different levels according to the focus of their attention, which gradually leads to the emergence of a "design culture". The kernel of the collective innovation of the Togo Village is timely “redirecting” (in Otto Sharmer’s word) the focus of thinking from the part (me) to the whole (we) through persistent practices, and deeply relating the emerging ultimate purpose to presencing insights for Togo Village’s unlimited possibilities.