再現噶哈巫：以埔里「番婆鬼」傳說為中心之考察
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2018
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本文以流傳於大埔里地區，「四庄」噶哈巫的巫術傳說為研究對象，在歷經各殖民政權與西方宗教等外來文明影響的歲月裡，噶哈巫原始信仰的色彩已經急速地從日常生活中褪去，目前僅剩下流傳在人們口耳之間的傳說，以及潛藏在傳統醫療中的一些殘餘儀式。然而，過去的文獻僅忠實的記錄報導人的口頭敘述，卻未見細緻的分析，而民間口傳中的「番婆鬼傳說」在埔里則有逐漸被誇大、神奇化的現象。「番婆鬼傳說」中的情節，精彩的程度成為埔里代表性的民間文學私毫不為過，它還包含了歷史，遷徙及族群關係的元素及族群特有的奇幻想像。為了保存這個即將逝去的文化記憶，並重建巫術制度的雛型，筆者藉由田野調查與文獻整理的雙管齊下，盡可能重新爬梳、拼湊出噶哈巫族巫術的原貌，同時借助神靈觀念的重構，建立出巫術傳說與遠古神話之間的脈絡，並且進行巫術種類的區分與各種指涉的釐清，以辨析文化合成的痕跡，進一步討論巫術與文明演進的關連。本文亦將探討噶哈巫在清政府有意隔離的三層人群關係中所扮演的特殊角色，從土牛溝到番界，強大的巫術印象如何成為鞏固邊防及族群邊界的力量，從歷史脈絡、地理空間及社會情境中觀察噶哈巫族巫術的興衰以及傳說的傳播與發展，期能再現噶哈巫族人自神話時代以來依存的巫術思維，並突顯出噶哈巫族不被時代洪流淹沒的主體性。
This article is circulated in the greater Puli area, " Four Villages" Kaxabu's witchcraft legend for the research object, in the years of the influence of alien civilizations such as the colonial power and Western religion, the colors of the original belief of the Lich witch have been rapidly fading away from everyday life, and there is only the legend between the people's mouths, and some remnants of the ritual that lurk in traditional medicine. However, the literature of the past only faithfully recorded the oral narrative of the people, but did not see the detailed analysis, and the folk oral transmission of "The fairy tales" in Puli is gradually exaggerated and magical phenomenon. "The Fairy Tales" in the plot, the wonderful degree to become the representative of Puli folk literature private, it also contains history, migration and ethnic relations and the elements of the unique fantasy imagination. In order to preserve the cultural memory that is about to fade, and reconstruct the prototype of witchcraft system, the author through the field investigation and document collation of the two-pronged, as far as possible to crawl, pieced together the original of the Wu clan of witchcraft, at the same time, with the help of the reconstruction of the spirit of the concept, the creation of the history of witchcraft and ancient myths and the distinction between the types of witchcraft and various reference to clarify, in order to discriminate the traces of cultural synthesis, further discuss the relation between witchcraft and the evolution of civilization. This paper will also explore the special role of Kaxabu in the three-tier population relationship which the Qing government intends to isolate. From the Two tooth achyranthes root ditch to the boundary, how the powerful sorcery impression becomes the strength that strengthens the frontier and the ethnic boundary, observes the rise and fall of the Wu clan sorcery and the spread and development of the legend from the historical context, the geographical space and the social situation, The period can reproduce the witchcraft thought that the people of the world have depended on since the myth time, and highlight the subject that the clan of the Kaxabu is not flooded by the times.
This article is circulated in the greater Puli area, " Four Villages" Kaxabu's witchcraft legend for the research object, in the years of the influence of alien civilizations such as the colonial power and Western religion, the colors of the original belief of the Lich witch have been rapidly fading away from everyday life, and there is only the legend between the people's mouths, and some remnants of the ritual that lurk in traditional medicine. However, the literature of the past only faithfully recorded the oral narrative of the people, but did not see the detailed analysis, and the folk oral transmission of "The fairy tales" in Puli is gradually exaggerated and magical phenomenon. "The Fairy Tales" in the plot, the wonderful degree to become the representative of Puli folk literature private, it also contains history, migration and ethnic relations and the elements of the unique fantasy imagination. In order to preserve the cultural memory that is about to fade, and reconstruct the prototype of witchcraft system, the author through the field investigation and document collation of the two-pronged, as far as possible to crawl, pieced together the original of the Wu clan of witchcraft, at the same time, with the help of the reconstruction of the spirit of the concept, the creation of the history of witchcraft and ancient myths and the distinction between the types of witchcraft and various reference to clarify, in order to discriminate the traces of cultural synthesis, further discuss the relation between witchcraft and the evolution of civilization. This paper will also explore the special role of Kaxabu in the three-tier population relationship which the Qing government intends to isolate. From the Two tooth achyranthes root ditch to the boundary, how the powerful sorcery impression becomes the strength that strengthens the frontier and the ethnic boundary, observes the rise and fall of the Wu clan sorcery and the spread and development of the legend from the historical context, the geographical space and the social situation, The period can reproduce the witchcraft thought that the people of the world have depended on since the myth time, and highlight the subject that the clan of the Kaxabu is not flooded by the times.
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噶哈巫, 番婆鬼傳說, 埔里, 巴宰, 平埔族群