新移民子女族群認同之敘事研究
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2012
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
本研究希望在新移民子女「雙族裔」身分的基礎上，理解其發展出的雙族群認同樣貌，並進一步探討此樣貌與環境之間是如何交互影響，及其中的發展歷程與影響族群認同的相關因素。本研究使用敘事研究法，共有三名新移民子女為研究參與者，分別為國中生、高中生與成人，透過個別訪談收集資料，使用敘事分析法的「整體－內容」方法分析資料，目的即將發言權交還給新移民子女，打破過去主流社會為他們所定義的自我與身份，邀請他們親自分享自己豐富、獨特的生命經驗，說出自己主觀的認同與定位，並藉此建立更多元且豐富的新移民子女形象與故事。主要的發現如下：
一、 新移民子女的族群認同樣貌與家庭圖像
三位受訪者均展現出新移民子女多元、情境性且具流動性的族群認同特性，並藉由三個獨特且豐富的故事，回應了主流價值的偏見與歧視對於新移民家庭的影響，但也同時呈現出新移民家庭面對主流所擁有的韌力、生命力與主控權。
二、 主流文化觀點對新移民家庭的影響
當探討主流觀點對新移民家庭的影響時，可以從三位受訪者的故事中看見新移民家庭努力不懈、重視教育等態度，打破傳統認為的弱勢家庭圖像。但同時也看見主流文化對新移民家庭仍存在著許多的歧視與偏見，這些經驗直接影響著新移民子女的族群認同，更使得新移民子女們為了保護自己而需要學習、發展出一套因應主流眼光的策略與手段，研究中結果發現有以下三種策略：1.選用”台灣人”標誌，再加上延異策略以降低差異，增加認同。2.繼承母親對主流圖像的態度與因應策略。3.將學業成就期許視為族群認同的重要動力。
三、 新移民子女雙族裔的族群認同影響族群態度、歸屬與實踐
本研究發現個體對主流文化及非主流文化的情感經驗，將直接影響個體如何知覺兩個同屬於自己的文化間的關係與位置，而這樣的知覺受到社會主流觀點，及家庭脈絡中母親對身份態度的影響；而個體知覺自己位於兩個文化中的位置，會影響個體是否會對此族群擁有歸屬感與投入，並是否積極展現實踐行為。
四、 新移民子女族群認同的發展階段及其影響因素
三位受訪者目前均處於不同的族群認同發展階段，而在探討三人處在不同階段的差異時，可以發現除了年紀的差異外，「成長背景的差異性」、「家庭對族群身分的態度」、「主流環境的友善性」及「多元族群的社區環境」等因素都影響新移民子女族群認同發展階段上的成熟度，並決定了雙族裔者在複雜的社會網絡中，能否找到有利於自己的位置，發展出多重的族群認同。
最後，研究者依據本研究結果加以討論，並針對未來研究方向、新移民子女、新移民家庭，及學校教育工作者提出建議。
Based upon the new immigrant children’s biracial identity, the researcher hopes to explore the biracial identity they developed, how it interacts with the environment, as well as the relative factors that influence their developmental processes. With the hope of responding to the above purposes, the researcher adopted narrative research method to interview three new immigrant children. The interviewees involved a junior high school student, a senior high school student as well as an adult. The researcher utilized a holistic-content perspective while analyzing the gathered information so as to allow the interviewees the right to tell their own stories. The researcher invited the interviewees to share their unique life experiences and subjective identity, at the same time, help built colorful new immigrant images and stories. By doing so, the new immigrant children told the stories how they changed the identity that the mainstream society placed upon them. The main findings are listed below: 1. The new immigrant children’s ethnic identity and family image All three interviewees displayed a multi-dimensional, contextual, and flexible ethnic identity. The interviewees demonstrated how the mainstream prejudice and discrimination influenced their families, at the same time, showing how new immigrant families face mainstream society with toughness and vitality. 2. The influences that mainstream culture perspectives have on new immigrant families While discussing how mainstream perspectives influence new immigrant families, it showed how the three interviewees’ families overthrow the disadvantaged family images through their emphasis on education and hard working. Nevertheless, it still showed the prejudice from mainstream culture directly influencing the ethnic identity of new immigrant children, forcing them to learn and to develop strategies that help cope with mainstream culture, including: a. Using a “Taiwanese” label along with the defférent strategy to strengthen their identity. b. Inherit their mothers’ ethnic attitude and coping strategies. c. Seeing academic performance expectation as an important ethnic identity. 3. The biracial identity new immigrant children hold influences their ethnic attitude, sense of belonging, and actions The researcher found that the emotional experiences toward mainstream and non-mainstream culture will influence how individuals define two cultures’ relations and positions that belong to them. Such perspective is cultivated by both social mainstream perspectives as well as how the mothers see themselves in their family context. The position individuals find themselves in between the two cultures will determine whether the individuals hold a sense of belonging for their ethnic group, and whether the individuals take active actions. 4. Stages of ethnic identity development and the influencing factors The three interviewees were in different ethnic identity developmental stages. While discussing the differences between different developmental stages, the researcher found that, aside from age differences, “background differences”, “attitudes families have toward ethnic identities”, “the friendliness of mainstream environment”, as well as “the multi-ethnic community environment” all influenced new immigrant children’s degree of maturation on ethnic identity developmental stages. These factors determined whether biracial children could find their own place and developed their multi-ethnic-identity in the social context. Finally, the researcher discussed the research findings and gives suggestions to future researchers, new immigrant children, new immigrant families, as well as the educators.
Based upon the new immigrant children’s biracial identity, the researcher hopes to explore the biracial identity they developed, how it interacts with the environment, as well as the relative factors that influence their developmental processes. With the hope of responding to the above purposes, the researcher adopted narrative research method to interview three new immigrant children. The interviewees involved a junior high school student, a senior high school student as well as an adult. The researcher utilized a holistic-content perspective while analyzing the gathered information so as to allow the interviewees the right to tell their own stories. The researcher invited the interviewees to share their unique life experiences and subjective identity, at the same time, help built colorful new immigrant images and stories. By doing so, the new immigrant children told the stories how they changed the identity that the mainstream society placed upon them. The main findings are listed below: 1. The new immigrant children’s ethnic identity and family image All three interviewees displayed a multi-dimensional, contextual, and flexible ethnic identity. The interviewees demonstrated how the mainstream prejudice and discrimination influenced their families, at the same time, showing how new immigrant families face mainstream society with toughness and vitality. 2. The influences that mainstream culture perspectives have on new immigrant families While discussing how mainstream perspectives influence new immigrant families, it showed how the three interviewees’ families overthrow the disadvantaged family images through their emphasis on education and hard working. Nevertheless, it still showed the prejudice from mainstream culture directly influencing the ethnic identity of new immigrant children, forcing them to learn and to develop strategies that help cope with mainstream culture, including: a. Using a “Taiwanese” label along with the defférent strategy to strengthen their identity. b. Inherit their mothers’ ethnic attitude and coping strategies. c. Seeing academic performance expectation as an important ethnic identity. 3. The biracial identity new immigrant children hold influences their ethnic attitude, sense of belonging, and actions The researcher found that the emotional experiences toward mainstream and non-mainstream culture will influence how individuals define two cultures’ relations and positions that belong to them. Such perspective is cultivated by both social mainstream perspectives as well as how the mothers see themselves in their family context. The position individuals find themselves in between the two cultures will determine whether the individuals hold a sense of belonging for their ethnic group, and whether the individuals take active actions. 4. Stages of ethnic identity development and the influencing factors The three interviewees were in different ethnic identity developmental stages. While discussing the differences between different developmental stages, the researcher found that, aside from age differences, “background differences”, “attitudes families have toward ethnic identities”, “the friendliness of mainstream environment”, as well as “the multi-ethnic community environment” all influenced new immigrant children’s degree of maturation on ethnic identity developmental stages. These factors determined whether biracial children could find their own place and developed their multi-ethnic-identity in the social context. Finally, the researcher discussed the research findings and gives suggestions to future researchers, new immigrant children, new immigrant families, as well as the educators.
Description
Keywords
新移民子女, 族群認同, 敘事研究, 雙族裔, new immigrant children, ethnic identity, narrative research, biracial