蒙特梭利生活及感官教育研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探究蒙特梭利日常生活及感官教育兩個領域的教育概論及相關教具的說明。研究架構係以蒙特梭利生平與思想背景為基礎，由蒙特梭利論著及相關文獻找出蒙特梭利生平、思想背景、教育思想及教具操作的箇中關係，最後提出結論與建議。 第一章為緒論，說明研究動機、研究目的及研究方法與步驟。第二章說明蒙特梭利生平與思想背景，首先扼要介紹蒙特梭利生平，再敘述蒙特梭利身處的時代背景及影響蒙特梭利的學者，接著，簡要說明蒙特梭利的教育概論。 第三章為蒙特梭利日常生活教育概論及相關教具操作說明，首先扼要說明蒙特梭利的日常生活教育概論，再則，就生活禮儀、身體控制、動作協調、照顧自己、關心別人及照顧環境等分項作相關教具操作說明。 第四章為蒙特梭利感官教育概論及相關教具操作說明，首先扼要說明蒙特梭利的感官教育概論，再依視覺教育、聽覺教育、觸覺教育、味覺教育及嗅覺教育分別作相關教具操作說明。 第五章為結論與建議，首先針對Maria Montessori生平作相關評論，然後就蒙特梭利教學法的優缺點做說明，再則提出本研究之結論。最後，提出建議供實踐應用及後續研究者之參考。The purpose of this study is to explore Maria Montessori’s theory of practical life and education of the senses. Maria Montessori was born in 1870. In 1896, when she was twenty-six, became the first ever female graduate in Medicine from the University of Rome. She traveled to London and Paris to study at first-hand the method of Jean Itard and Edouard Sguin. By 1904 Maria Montessori had become Professor of Anthropology at Rome. In 1907, Casa dei Bambini was founded. Exercises of practical life obtain cleanliness, order, poise and conversation. Education of the senses obtain -- education of the tactile; thermic and baric senses; education of the stereognostic sense;education of the senses of taste and smell; education of the sense of vision; education of the chromatic sense; exercise for the discrimination of sounds and a lesson in silence.