專門圖書館編目工作者之編目工作流程相關知識分析研究
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2011
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圖書館所提供的資訊服務，依業務功能區分為技術服務與讀者服務，而技術服務為圖書館之基礎業務。技術服務中的編目工作，是圖書館資訊服務的核心支柱，例如線上公用目錄是圖書館服務的入口，編目工作則是將圖書館館藏資源呈現於線上公用目錄，並應用相關標準、資訊技術將館藏資源提供給讀者。編目業務的進展著重於實務與經驗累積，而編目工作者從經驗中學習的能力和應用經驗所獲得的知識，則反映在執行該項業務的流程中，本研究探討圖書館技術服務工作中，編目工作及其相關知識之內涵，以便歸納編目工作相關的知識及其來源，期能促進編目工作者對編目工作知識之瞭解，以協助其提供高品質的資訊組織服務及提升編目工作者的專業形象。準此，本研究的研究問題有：（一）專門圖書館編目工作者之工作任務與工作內容為何?其中工作內容所涉及的工作項目、工作流程和工作特性為何? （二）編目工作者之編目工作所需知識為何? （三）編目工作者的編目工作相關知識之來源為何?這些編目知識又如何獲得？
本研究採用質性方法，透過半結構的深度訪談方式蒐集資料，總計有7位受訪者，分別來自研究者工作場域的學術研究機構內不同學科之四所圖書館，其中有5位編目館員、2位圖書館行政主管。本研究共收集7份語料，先將受訪者的論述予以結構化，再從中歸納編目工作相關的知識及其來源。
本研究發現：（一）專門圖書館編目工作者之工作任務包含：（1）即時更新和定期維護書目資料庫、（2）維護和發展編目政策、（3）提供專業知識和資訊組織服務。（二）編目工作的內容包含工作項目、工作流程及工作特性三個部分，第一部分工作項目有：記述編目、主題編目、權威控制及編製編目工作手冊；第二部分工作流程包括查核複本、記述編目、主題編目、權威控制、審核修正及書籍處理加工等六項流程；第三部分工作特性有正確性、完整性、一致性及具彈性。（三）編目工作者需具備的編目知識，包括：（1）熟悉編目相關規則、標準、工具與流程、（2）亦需涉獵專門學科知識、（3）身處快速變遷的網路資訊環境中，對資訊科技的進展也需關注。（四）編目工作流程的相關默會知識，分為（1）認知型知識：具有對編目工作的使命感、信念與價值觀及具備判斷力與洞察力、（2）態度型知識：以積極學習、負責任、重視效率、細心的態度，面對編目工作、（3）技能型知識：熟稔的使用編目工具，包括編目規則及分類表及標題表等、（4）關係能力型知識，又分為（a）與同儕之間進行經驗的交流與傳承，以培養團隊的默契，形塑組織文化、（b）面對讀者不斷變化的需求，提供適切的資訊組織服務。（五）編目工作相關知識的來源：（1）獲得方式有：自學、做中學、業務交流、專業培訓、參加研討會議、參訪活動、在職繼續教育；（2）獲得管道有：專業網站、館內例行會議、研討會議、在職訓練。（六）本研究發現和文獻知識相比，編目工作者的需要的知識有：（1）體認目錄重要性的價值觀、（2）瞭解網路資訊環境所產生的工作創新意識、（3）運用經驗知識創造出理想的工作模式，都是屬於默會知識的類型。
A library provides information services which includes technical and reader services. Technical service is the foundation for library operation. Cataloging as the core task of technical service supports library service, such as OPAC (Online Public Access Catalog). Catalogers perform as the core workers who ensure library resources to be easy access to readers. It is important to learn how catalogers accumulate knowledge from their daily practice. This study attempts to identify the tasks, processes, and characteristic of catalogers of special libraries, in order to determine what knowledge is required for experienced catalogers and how these related knowledge is gained by the experienced catalogers. Research questions are: 1.What tasks, processes and characteristics of cataloging occur in special libraries? 2. What types of knowledge required for catalogers? 3. How catalogers obtain relevant-knowledge to meet the need of cataloging tasks? In this study, data are collected through semi-structure interviews and are analyzed by qualitative methods. A total of seven respondents from four special subject domain libraries at the same research institute are recruited, among them, five cataloging librarians and 2 library administrative chiefs. This study collects seven interview transcripts. The texts of the transcripts are analyzed and coded. The findings of this study include:（I）The mission of catalogers in special libraries include: (1) real-time updates and routine maintenance for a bibliographic database; (2) maintenance and development of cataloging policies; (3) provision of professional knowledge and organizational services.（II）Cataloging services can be described in three aspects, namely, cataloging tasks, cataloging process and task characteristics. Cataloging tasks include descriptive cataloging, subject cataloging, authority control and manual preparation for cataloging. Cataloging processes include duplicate copy checking, descriptive cataloging, subject cataloging, authority control, verification and correction, book processing and others. As for task characteristics, they are accuracy, completeness, consistency and flexibility. （III）Cataloging knowledge for catalogers include: (1) familiarizing with cataloging rules, standards, tools and processes; (2) involving knowledge for special subjects; (3) paying attention to the rapidly changing information environment and the development of information technology.（IV）Tacit knowledge involved in cataloging processes is fourfold: (1) cognitive knowledge: possession of missions, beliefs , values, ability to judge and insight to the work of cataloging; (2) attitude-based knowledge: positive learning, responsible, attention to efficiency and careful attitude when facing cataloging; (3) skill-based knowledge: familiar with the use of cataloging tools, including cataloging rules, classification and subject tables and among many others; (4) relationship between ability-based knowledge includes：(a) an exchange of experience and heritage among peers to develop team understanding and organizational culture shaping;(b) to provide appropriate information organization services in order to face the dynamic change of readers’ needs. （V）Sources for catalogers’ knowledge: (1) obtaining specialized knowledge through: self-learning, learning by doing, peer communication, professional training, conference participation, visiting activities, in-service continuing education; (2) access channels include professional websites, regular meetings in the library, conferences, and staff training.（VI）Compared to the prior publications, this study has found new knowledge for catalogers that is not documented in the prior literature: (1) sence of values of library cataloging; (2) sence of innovation due to the new information environment; (3) ideal work model to be created by daily experiences and knowledge.
A library provides information services which includes technical and reader services. Technical service is the foundation for library operation. Cataloging as the core task of technical service supports library service, such as OPAC (Online Public Access Catalog). Catalogers perform as the core workers who ensure library resources to be easy access to readers. It is important to learn how catalogers accumulate knowledge from their daily practice. This study attempts to identify the tasks, processes, and characteristic of catalogers of special libraries, in order to determine what knowledge is required for experienced catalogers and how these related knowledge is gained by the experienced catalogers. Research questions are: 1.What tasks, processes and characteristics of cataloging occur in special libraries? 2. What types of knowledge required for catalogers? 3. How catalogers obtain relevant-knowledge to meet the need of cataloging tasks? In this study, data are collected through semi-structure interviews and are analyzed by qualitative methods. A total of seven respondents from four special subject domain libraries at the same research institute are recruited, among them, five cataloging librarians and 2 library administrative chiefs. This study collects seven interview transcripts. The texts of the transcripts are analyzed and coded. The findings of this study include:（I）The mission of catalogers in special libraries include: (1) real-time updates and routine maintenance for a bibliographic database; (2) maintenance and development of cataloging policies; (3) provision of professional knowledge and organizational services.（II）Cataloging services can be described in three aspects, namely, cataloging tasks, cataloging process and task characteristics. Cataloging tasks include descriptive cataloging, subject cataloging, authority control and manual preparation for cataloging. Cataloging processes include duplicate copy checking, descriptive cataloging, subject cataloging, authority control, verification and correction, book processing and others. As for task characteristics, they are accuracy, completeness, consistency and flexibility. （III）Cataloging knowledge for catalogers include: (1) familiarizing with cataloging rules, standards, tools and processes; (2) involving knowledge for special subjects; (3) paying attention to the rapidly changing information environment and the development of information technology.（IV）Tacit knowledge involved in cataloging processes is fourfold: (1) cognitive knowledge: possession of missions, beliefs , values, ability to judge and insight to the work of cataloging; (2) attitude-based knowledge: positive learning, responsible, attention to efficiency and careful attitude when facing cataloging; (3) skill-based knowledge: familiar with the use of cataloging tools, including cataloging rules, classification and subject tables and among many others; (4) relationship between ability-based knowledge includes：(a) an exchange of experience and heritage among peers to develop team understanding and organizational culture shaping;(b) to provide appropriate information organization services in order to face the dynamic change of readers’ needs. （V）Sources for catalogers’ knowledge: (1) obtaining specialized knowledge through: self-learning, learning by doing, peer communication, professional training, conference participation, visiting activities, in-service continuing education; (2) access channels include professional websites, regular meetings in the library, conferences, and staff training.（VI）Compared to the prior publications, this study has found new knowledge for catalogers that is not documented in the prior literature: (1) sence of values of library cataloging; (2) sence of innovation due to the new information environment; (3) ideal work model to be created by daily experiences and knowledge.
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專門圖書館, 編目工作者, 編目工作流程, 編目知識, special libraries, catalogers, cataloging workflow, cataloging knowledge