家有學齡前子女之已婚就業女性其家務工作、支薪工作與自我效能對生活滿意之影響：自我效能的中介效果
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2012
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本研究在探討家有學齡前子女已婚就業女性之家務工作、支薪工作以及自我效能對生活滿意的影響。採分層比例叢集隨機抽樣方式，抽取臺灣28所幼兒園進行問卷調查，共得356份有效樣本。研究工具包含「生活滿意量表」、「自我效能量表」、「家務工作壓力量表」以及「支薪工作壓力量表」，並以SPSS 19及AMOS 18進行資料分析，再以描述統計、t檢定、皮爾遜積差相關以及結構方程模式進行統計考驗。本研究在控制背景及其他因素後，主要分析結果如下：
一、家務工作對生活滿意的直接影響
研究結果顯示家有學齡前子女全職女性之子女教養壓力對生活滿意產生顯著影響，然而家務勞動壓力、子女教養負擔以及家務勞動負擔則不影響其生活滿意。
二、支薪工作對生活滿意的直接影響
研究結果顯示家有學齡前子女全職女性之支薪工作特性以及支薪工作壓力對其生活滿意不產生直接影響。
三、自我效能對生活滿意的直接及中介效果
1.自我效能對生活滿意的直接效果
本研究顯示自我效能對生活滿意產生顯著的直接影響，在考量控制因素以及家務、支薪工作因素後自我效能對於生活滿意度仍具其解釋力。
2.自我效能對生活滿意的中介效果
自我效能的中介效果呈現在支薪工作專業自主特性、專業自主壓力與工作需求壓力對生活滿意的影響徑路。也就是說、工作專業自主特性及壓力越高，則自我效能感也越高，其生活滿意也越佳。然而，工作需求壓力越高時，將透過自我效能的削弱，而對其生活滿意產生負面影響。
最後依據研究結果，分別對就業女性、家庭生活教育、政府、未來研究等提出建議。
This study investigated the domestic work, paid work, and self-efficacy on life satisfaction for married working women with preschool children. Mining with proportional stratified cluster random sampling method, and conducted a questionnaire survey among 28 kindergartens in Taiwan, the analyzed data were based on a total of 356 valid samples. Tools used for the research include "Satisfaction with Life Scale", "New General Self-Efficacy Scale", "Domestic Work Stress Scale", and "Paid Work Stress Scale". Both SPSS 19 and AMOS 18 software were used for the data analysis. Furthermore, statistical tests were conducted with a series of methods such as the descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson product- moment correlation, and structural equation modeling. After controlling on backgrounds and other factors, the key results are as follows: 1. Direct Impact of domestic work on life satisfaction This study demonstrated that the child care stress of those full-time working women with preschool children in their family have a significant direct impact on their life satisfaction. However, the pressure of housework, child care burden and the loading of housework did not affect their life satisfaction. 2. Direct Impact of paid work on life satisfaction The results showed that both the characteristics and the pressure of paid work for those full-time working women with preschool children in their family didn’t have a direct impact on their life satisfaction. 3. The direct and mediation effects of self-efficacy on life satisfaction (a) The direct effect of self-efficacy on life satisfaction This study indicated that self-efficacy will have significant direct impact on life satisfaction. Self-efficacy still remains interpretable on life satisfaction after taking the consideration of control factors as well as housework, paid work factors. (b) The mediation effect of self-efficacy on life satisfaction The mediating effect of self-efficacy existed on the paths in affecting life satisfaction by the professional autonomy characteristics, pressure of professional autonomy of paid work and stress of work demands. In other words, with higher professional autonomy characteristics and higher stress from paid work, the self-efficacy is also higher, and the better on their life satisfaction as well. Nevertheless, when the stress from work demands gets higher, it will have negative influences on life satisfaction by the weakening of self-efficacy. Finally, based on the results of this study, suggestions are proposed for the working women, life education of family, the government, and the future studies,respectively.
This study investigated the domestic work, paid work, and self-efficacy on life satisfaction for married working women with preschool children. Mining with proportional stratified cluster random sampling method, and conducted a questionnaire survey among 28 kindergartens in Taiwan, the analyzed data were based on a total of 356 valid samples. Tools used for the research include "Satisfaction with Life Scale", "New General Self-Efficacy Scale", "Domestic Work Stress Scale", and "Paid Work Stress Scale". Both SPSS 19 and AMOS 18 software were used for the data analysis. Furthermore, statistical tests were conducted with a series of methods such as the descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson product- moment correlation, and structural equation modeling. After controlling on backgrounds and other factors, the key results are as follows: 1. Direct Impact of domestic work on life satisfaction This study demonstrated that the child care stress of those full-time working women with preschool children in their family have a significant direct impact on their life satisfaction. However, the pressure of housework, child care burden and the loading of housework did not affect their life satisfaction. 2. Direct Impact of paid work on life satisfaction The results showed that both the characteristics and the pressure of paid work for those full-time working women with preschool children in their family didn’t have a direct impact on their life satisfaction. 3. The direct and mediation effects of self-efficacy on life satisfaction (a) The direct effect of self-efficacy on life satisfaction This study indicated that self-efficacy will have significant direct impact on life satisfaction. Self-efficacy still remains interpretable on life satisfaction after taking the consideration of control factors as well as housework, paid work factors. (b) The mediation effect of self-efficacy on life satisfaction The mediating effect of self-efficacy existed on the paths in affecting life satisfaction by the professional autonomy characteristics, pressure of professional autonomy of paid work and stress of work demands. In other words, with higher professional autonomy characteristics and higher stress from paid work, the self-efficacy is also higher, and the better on their life satisfaction as well. Nevertheless, when the stress from work demands gets higher, it will have negative influences on life satisfaction by the weakening of self-efficacy. Finally, based on the results of this study, suggestions are proposed for the working women, life education of family, the government, and the future studies,respectively.
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生活滿意, 自我效能, 家務工作, 支薪工作, life satisfaction, self-efficacy, domestic work, paid work