漢語多義詞義項區辨架構—位移動詞「出」的語料庫實證研究
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2014
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Abstract
本文針對多義詞義項區辨提出一個運用共現構詞來進行義項分析的架構，論文中討論構詞成分的語義關聯，並利用梅家駒等人(1996)所編纂的《同義詞詞林》的詞語語義架構細節，來分析多義詞具區別性的義項；並透過實證分析漢語動詞「出」的多義義項，驗證此一架構的合宜性。本研究主張藉由共現構詞所搭配的詞素或詞語，有助於界定多義詞的義項；透過構詞的語義組合關係找出搭配詞聚合時的語義類別，並藉此對目標詞進行語義義項區辨。
本研究以中央研究院「現代漢語平衡語料庫」前期五百萬詞的資料為文本，進行量化研究分析，找出多義詞「出」在語料中所有的共現構詞，並利用《同義詞詞林》檢索軟體 (鄭錦全師，2007b）找出共現構詞所屬的分類，對多義詞的語義延伸進行義項區辨。實證分析動詞「出」具區別性的獨立義項為：出1「離出義」、出2「存現義」、出3「到達義」、出4「超出義」，四個義項。文中同時從「出」延伸看到同為位移類動詞的一般性語義特徵，反映人類語言活動具有聯繫性。
最後本文主張掌握具區別性的語義義項，對於多義詞教學具有關鍵性的價值。對於多義詞一詞而多種樣貌，學習者若能有效掌握區別性義項便能達到綱舉目張、有效掌握語義、理解語境。冀能有助於多義詞的教與學。
This study proposed a framework for distinction of senses of Chinese polysemy. The framework is based on an application of morphemes in compound words and the sense taxonomy provided in “Synonym Dictionary”. The feasibility of the proposed framework was empirically examined using a Chinese verb “Chu” as an example. This study was a Sinica Corpus-based study. This study first drew all the words of the polysemy “Chu” from the corpus and analyzed each of them to obtain the following distinctive senses of “Chu”: Chu1 means to leave; Chu2 means to appear; Chu3 means to arrive at a certain place; Chu4 means to transcend. The analysis also found the general semantic features of this polysemy as a motion verb. Finally, this study concluded that understanding distinctive semantic senses has a critical value for polysemy instruction and also provided suggestions on compilation of senses of polysemies.
This study proposed a framework for distinction of senses of Chinese polysemy. The framework is based on an application of morphemes in compound words and the sense taxonomy provided in “Synonym Dictionary”. The feasibility of the proposed framework was empirically examined using a Chinese verb “Chu” as an example. This study was a Sinica Corpus-based study. This study first drew all the words of the polysemy “Chu” from the corpus and analyzed each of them to obtain the following distinctive senses of “Chu”: Chu1 means to leave; Chu2 means to appear; Chu3 means to arrive at a certain place; Chu4 means to transcend. The analysis also found the general semantic features of this polysemy as a motion verb. Finally, this study concluded that understanding distinctive semantic senses has a critical value for polysemy instruction and also provided suggestions on compilation of senses of polysemies.
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多義詞, 義項, 構詞, 語料庫, 位移動詞, Polysemy, Senses, Types of Word Formation, Corpus, Motion Verb