華語四字格成語教材設計
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2010
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Abstract
使用成語不僅能精練語言、達到特別的修辭效果，還能學習成語背後的文化典故，因此學者、華語教師、外籍學生都肯定成語教學的重要性。但目前出版的綜合課教材在成語用法上說明不足，且無系統性地安排教學順序，因此學生使用成語時，容易誤解成語的語義和使用對象、套用一般詞彙的語法，以及隨意加上搭配詞語。
針對此現象，已有學者提出多項對應的教學策略以及外國學生成語學習辭典的建議編寫方式，因此本文立於這些研究成果之上，綜合教材及學習資源現況分析、教師學生意見、學習者學習喜好分析、成語語料統計，訂出一套成語教材可遵循的總體目標和設計原則，並根據設計原則設計成語教材內容架構及實際設計教材範例。
綜合本文各章討論內容及教材評估結果，本文在成語教材編寫方面所獲致的研究成果有四：一、成語教材教法學習資源的現況以及教學需求。二、成語教材設計原則。三、成語教材內容教學排序進行方式。四、創新的成語教材元素。
The use of Chinese idiomatic expressions (IE) not only produces a certain rhetorical effect while expressing meaning in a very succinct manner, but it also presents an opportunity to teach the cultural background behind each IE as well. For this reason, scholars, Chinese teachers and non-native learners of Chinese all attest to its importance. However, explanations on how to use IE given in Chinese learning materials published to date lack both clarity and a systematic approach. So when students of Chinese try to use these idiomatic expressions, they often misunderstand their meaning, use them improperly, mechanically apply grammar for normal words and/ or use them with the wrong collocations. In response, several teaching strategies have been proposed in the literature in addition to suggestions being put forth regarding the arrangement of IE dictionaries aimed at non-native learners. The research presented here is based upon these results and analyzes the current state of Chinese language textbooks and learning resources as it relates to the teaching of IE. Suggestions made by both teachers and students as to what ideal IE teaching materials should incorporate are also evaluated as well as the needs of the learner. The results of these analyses are used to create a statistical IE database with the purpose of producing a design goal and design principles for IE teaching materials. The design goal and principles are used both to design the structure for an IE textbook as well as to produce an example textbook. In summary, based upon the content of each chapter and the results of the teaching material evaluations, four research results relating to the creation of IE teaching materials are presented: 1. the current state of IE pedagogical materials, teaching methods, learning resources and the needs of learners. 2. Principles of design for IE learning materials. 3. How to systematically arrange IE teaching materials. 4. A list of innovations for IE learning materials.
The use of Chinese idiomatic expressions (IE) not only produces a certain rhetorical effect while expressing meaning in a very succinct manner, but it also presents an opportunity to teach the cultural background behind each IE as well. For this reason, scholars, Chinese teachers and non-native learners of Chinese all attest to its importance. However, explanations on how to use IE given in Chinese learning materials published to date lack both clarity and a systematic approach. So when students of Chinese try to use these idiomatic expressions, they often misunderstand their meaning, use them improperly, mechanically apply grammar for normal words and/ or use them with the wrong collocations. In response, several teaching strategies have been proposed in the literature in addition to suggestions being put forth regarding the arrangement of IE dictionaries aimed at non-native learners. The research presented here is based upon these results and analyzes the current state of Chinese language textbooks and learning resources as it relates to the teaching of IE. Suggestions made by both teachers and students as to what ideal IE teaching materials should incorporate are also evaluated as well as the needs of the learner. The results of these analyses are used to create a statistical IE database with the purpose of producing a design goal and design principles for IE teaching materials. The design goal and principles are used both to design the structure for an IE textbook as well as to produce an example textbook. In summary, based upon the content of each chapter and the results of the teaching material evaluations, four research results relating to the creation of IE teaching materials are presented: 1. the current state of IE pedagogical materials, teaching methods, learning resources and the needs of learners. 2. Principles of design for IE learning materials. 3. How to systematically arrange IE teaching materials. 4. A list of innovations for IE learning materials.
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成語, 教材設計, 教學排序, idiomatic expressions (chengyu), teaching material design, optimal teaching sequence