華語雙賓動詞的母語習得
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Date
2010-12-01
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華文世界雜誌社
Abstract
本研究旨在探討以華語爲母語的學齡前兒童雙賓動詞的母語習得。華語雙賓動詞可細分爲三類：必加「給」的動詞、不能加「給」動詞、以及可隨意加「給」動詞。主要的研究議題包含以下五種：各類動詞的困難度、句型的標記性、非雙賓句型之句子分析。本研究共設計兩個測驗：句子選擇以及引導造句。研究對象爲45位學齡前兒童及15位大學生。受試兒童再分爲三組：第組（三歲）、第二組（四歲）、和第三組（約五歲）。研究結果顯示：第一不能加「給」的動詞對學童困難度最高，而另外兩類動詞困難度差異不大。第二，必加「給」的動詞中、[V-gei-IO-DO]比[V-DO-gei-IO]更具有標記性。對於可隨意力「給」的動詞而言，[V-gei-IO-DO]最具有標記性，[V-IO-DO]居於第二，而[V-DO-gei-IO]最無標記性。第三，從學童的非雙賓動詞句型使用分析得知，他們傾向於先把這些動詞當作一般及物動詞使用，接著加入第二個賓語，最後他們說出越來越多的複雜句子。
The present study aims to investigate Chinese children's acquisition of double object verbs with gei. These verbs were classified into three types, gei-required, gei-forbidden, and gei-optional. The following issues were examined, i.e. the difficulty levels, unmarked/marked patterns, and development of untargeted patterns. Two tasks were employed, a grammaticality task and a sentence elicitation task. Forty-five children aged from three to five and fifteen adults participated in the experiment, who were further divided into four groups. i.e. Group 1 (three-year-olds), Group 2 (four-year-olds), Group 3 (five-year-olds), and Group 4 (native controls). The results are as follows: First, among the three types, gei-forbidden verbs posed the most difficulty for the children, while the other two were relatively easier. Second, with regard to gei-required verbs, [V-DO-gei-IO] was the unmarked pattern while [V-gei-IO-DO] was marked. Similarly, for gei-optional verbs, the most unmarked pattern was [V-DO-gei-IO], followed by [V-IO-DO], and [V-gei-IO-DO] the most marked. Third, a steady development was found in the children's untargeted sentences. The children began with mono-transitive use of these verbs, then added a second object, and finally generated more complex sentences.
The present study aims to investigate Chinese children's acquisition of double object verbs with gei. These verbs were classified into three types, gei-required, gei-forbidden, and gei-optional. The following issues were examined, i.e. the difficulty levels, unmarked/marked patterns, and development of untargeted patterns. Two tasks were employed, a grammaticality task and a sentence elicitation task. Forty-five children aged from three to five and fifteen adults participated in the experiment, who were further divided into four groups. i.e. Group 1 (three-year-olds), Group 2 (four-year-olds), Group 3 (five-year-olds), and Group 4 (native controls). The results are as follows: First, among the three types, gei-forbidden verbs posed the most difficulty for the children, while the other two were relatively easier. Second, with regard to gei-required verbs, [V-DO-gei-IO] was the unmarked pattern while [V-gei-IO-DO] was marked. Similarly, for gei-optional verbs, the most unmarked pattern was [V-DO-gei-IO], followed by [V-IO-DO], and [V-gei-IO-DO] the most marked. Third, a steady development was found in the children's untargeted sentences. The children began with mono-transitive use of these verbs, then added a second object, and finally generated more complex sentences.