台東縣山地兒童面積保留與面積測量概念的發展
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Date
1983-06-??
Authors
蔡春美
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國立台灣師範大學教育學系
Department od Education, NTNU
Department od Education, NTNU
Abstract
教育兒童必須瞭解兒童的認知發展。本研究以皮亞傑〈J.Piaget〉的認知發展理論為基礎，探討台東縣山地兒童面積保留與面積測量概念的發展及其影響因素，作為改進國小教育之參考。關於皮亞傑的研究與理論，自一九五○年代開始，即引起心理學者的注意與重視，許多有關其認知發展理論與實證的研究有計畫的在各國進行著，到一九七五年這類的研究報告已多達數千篇。在莫德奇耳與莫德奇耳〈Modgil& Modgil, 1976〉等人編輯的「皮亞傑式研究」〈Piagetian Research〉專書共八大冊中，收集約三千七百篇相關的研究報告。大部分研究趨向是企圖證實奇研究結果之真實性，或將其研究設計重覆測量不同社會階層與文化背景的兒童，以驗證皮亞傑有關兒童獲得各種認知概念之解釋，並探討其影響因素，或作有計畫的變相控制來討論訓練的效果。
To educate child, we must understand their cognitive development. This study was a replication and an extension Piagetian area tasks. Its main purpose was to examine conceptual development of area conservation and area measurement as well as some related effective factors, of aboriginal children in Taitung. As a result, the research could be applied to help improve the elementary education in Taiwan, Republic of China. The subjects were 540 children from three district ethnic groups: 180 mountain aboriginal, 180 urban aboriginal and 180 urban non-aboriginal. In each group, 60 children were randomly selected from the second, the fourth and the sixth grades respectively, covering the age range of about seven to eleven years, equal in both sexes. There were four criterion variables (dependent variables) and twenty four predictor variables. Data were statistically analyzed by (1) percent of children successful in area conservation and measurement, (2) three-factors analysis of variance for the age, sex and district ethnic group, and (3) stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of the study were as follows: I. The conceptual development of area conservation and area measurement of aboriginal children in Taitung: 1.Concepts of area conservation and area measurement were based upon the concept of length conservation. These concepts were developing gradually with their ages. 2.Conceptual developments of length conservation, area conservation and area measurement in Taitung children were later than Swiss children. 3.Except for the score of area conservation all children from mountain aboriginal had higher ones than those from urban aboriginal. 4.The conceptual development of length conservation was earlier than that of area conservation, yet the conceptual development of area conservation ran exactly parallel with that of area measurement. II. Factors influencing the conceptual development of area conservation and area measurement of aboriginal children in Taitung:
To educate child, we must understand their cognitive development. This study was a replication and an extension Piagetian area tasks. Its main purpose was to examine conceptual development of area conservation and area measurement as well as some related effective factors, of aboriginal children in Taitung. As a result, the research could be applied to help improve the elementary education in Taiwan, Republic of China. The subjects were 540 children from three district ethnic groups: 180 mountain aboriginal, 180 urban aboriginal and 180 urban non-aboriginal. In each group, 60 children were randomly selected from the second, the fourth and the sixth grades respectively, covering the age range of about seven to eleven years, equal in both sexes. There were four criterion variables (dependent variables) and twenty four predictor variables. Data were statistically analyzed by (1) percent of children successful in area conservation and measurement, (2) three-factors analysis of variance for the age, sex and district ethnic group, and (3) stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of the study were as follows: I. The conceptual development of area conservation and area measurement of aboriginal children in Taitung: 1.Concepts of area conservation and area measurement were based upon the concept of length conservation. These concepts were developing gradually with their ages. 2.Conceptual developments of length conservation, area conservation and area measurement in Taitung children were later than Swiss children. 3.Except for the score of area conservation all children from mountain aboriginal had higher ones than those from urban aboriginal. 4.The conceptual development of length conservation was earlier than that of area conservation, yet the conceptual development of area conservation ran exactly parallel with that of area measurement. II. Factors influencing the conceptual development of area conservation and area measurement of aboriginal children in Taitung: