研究發展處
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Item 學習的意義感：建立、失落及再創生(國立臺灣師範大學, 2017-03-??) 黃囇莉; 洪才舒; Li-Li Huang; Tsai-Shu Hung本研究旨在探究華人學習意義感之建立、失落及再創生之歷程。研究採用質性研究法，針對17 位成人（九位男性和八位女性）進行深度訪談，研究者再以Baumeister（1991）的「意義連結論」、Park 與Folkman（1997）的「整體意義」與「情境意義」，以及華人的「讀書文化腳本文化」為形式理論，對受訪者的自我敘說資料二度詮釋並揭露其存在處境的置身結構。資料分析結果顯示，此歷程包含四部分，首先，意義的建立主要透過連結，例如，與自我的連結、與生命及世界信念的連結、與學習信念的連結。接著，意義的失落則來自斷鏈、存在的空虛、與學習信念脫鈎。意義失落後，會將意義暫時擱置，讓自己回歸到現實，設下停損點，並試者去看到未來的各種可能性。最後再藉著轉化與代償而得以再創造新的學習意義感。本研究最後也討論文化之意涵、敘說研究之限制及未來可發展之方向。Item 高工職校電子､電工科學生專業技能學習成就之影響因素探討(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 1985-06-??) 饒達欽The purpose of this study is to find out the factors influencing students' pro-fessional-technical achievements in the departments of electronics and electricity in vocational-technical senior high schools. The psychological and intellectual factors are not included in this study. The stepwise multiple regression analysis is the main statistical tool for analyzing data. According to the result of review of literature, the personal, home, school, and social factors are the main factors in this study for surveying. The school main factor is divided into five subfactors: teacher expectation, peers, instruction, awareness of the department, and vocational guidance. The main findings of this study are the following: (1) There is a very close correlation between theoretical subjects' achievement and technical practice achievement. (2) Sex, grade level, the type of cooperative class, home factor, students' aptitude, and teachers' instruction factors are the major influencing factors in this study. (3) The scientific aptitude is more important for electronics majors than those majoring in elect icity. Some variables are also found very important in each of the above factors such as (1) the students' learning attitude toward their school or technical subjects in the personal factor, (2) the degree of the parent's satisfaction toward the students' school achievement, and of the parent's attention toward the skill learning in home factor,(3) the status of students' awareness of their own department is the most important subfactor in the school main factor, and (4) the chance for future promotion and the glorying in skill achievement are the important variables among the social factors.Item 國中學生設計實驗技能學習層次分析研究(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 1987-06-??) 許榮富本研究係根據現行國中自然學科之課程目標，所進行一系列學科過程技能評鑑工具發展之一。 基於前研究所建立之設計實驗技能組織因子之定性結構化模式，於本研究中再延伸為定量結構，並設計以五個層次作為命題之行為目標及評分準則，佐以現行國中自然科教學目標為內容及難度參考依據。另一方面，根據CRT理論，發展並效化設計實驗技能學習層次分析測驗工具，進而實證且修訂前研究之科學過程技能組織因子半經驗模式。 研究結果發現國一與國二學生間及國一與國三學生間在設計實驗技能上，不論選擇題型或申論題型的學習層次，皆有顯著差異。但是國二、國三學生間沒有顯著差異，顯示學力調查時，不僅必須注意題型設計之意義且作不同題型應作妥切的數據解釋。另一方面，國三學生設計實驗的技能未見成長，頗值得注意。在此研究中，亦同時發現以「變因」及「定性」所形成的學習層次的量化結構，以作為雙向評量準則的設計，確實可行。 在性別的考驗中，於紙筆測驗上，選擇題型未有區別，作答題型則女生優於男生，此發現與英國APU研究結果一致。但是，APU另行再發展實作測驗 ，我國亦宜進行此項研究，以確定那種方式最能公平、確實地反應設計實驗技能的心智能力。Item 中小學生設計實驗技能之學習層次變化分析研究(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 1988-06-??) 許榮富本研究旨在探討國小六年級、國中及高中一年級學生之設計實驗技能能力之學習層次的變化。 根據設計實驗技能之層次性評量準則，修正中學適用之「科學過程技能學習層次測驗」，並發展國小適用的科學過程技能學習層次測驗工具，各測驗均含問答格式及選擇格式。各格式之測驗Cronbach α值分別為：中學為0.67及0.73；小學為0.65及0.56。設計實驗技能層次分別由三位評分者評分，其Kendall係數(Kendall Coefficient of Concordance)為0.97，評分者之間具有評分的一致性。 本研究以大台北地區之中、小學生為研究對象，分別抽取國小六年級、國中、高中各800人、515人、298人進行實測。 研究發現：國小六年級到高中一年級，每年即之設計實驗技能於問答格式之平均層次分別為：2.13、2.70、2.85、3.13、2.94。於選擇格式之平均層次則分別為：3.26、4.45、4.16、4.64、4.73，二格式間之表現具顯著差異。在年級方面，作答與選擇格式均具年級差異，但不具性別差異。 針對以上的發現，現行科學教材結構分析結果，提出中小學學生之設計實驗技能學習層次之變化的解釋及進一步研究建議。Item 以聲音活出意象情韻(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 2004-10-??) 何洵怡; Shun-yee Ho朗讀劇場是演員把劇本朗讀出來，不用背誦；其他舞台元素如走位、服飾、燈光等也減至最低，故主要以聲音傳情達意。觀眾靠聽和看接收訊息，同時透過想像在腦海建立自己的藝術世界。今次文學課，學生分組編寫及演出五個文學作品。根據五次問卷、個別學生訪談、老師評核，本研究歸結八成演出者及六成觀眾指出學習效果勝於傳統的導修課。兩批學習者透過不同途徑，包括反覆閱讀原著、編寫剪裁、聲情並茂朗讀、聆聽和觀看演出、劇場後的討論，認為比以往更深刻了解文學作品。其他收穫是增加創意與劇場知識。Item 再結晶實驗技能之精通學習(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 1992-06-??) 王澄霞; 洪志明本研究開發再結晶實驗技能精通學習教材及教學策略，以使學生達到三個連續的學習達成階層：具體、辨認及歸納階層，其效果可用學生學習進步的情形加以評定，並用差、後測之間，實作成果與測驗成績之間，以及一組實驗活動之間等的正相關來評量。學生學習的進步情形，可由在一組實驗活動中S曲線向右移動，P曲線向下移動看出來。紙筆測驗每一試題的CP值都小於0.40，以各題的P對CP作圖，所有試題均位於左上方象限中，此等結果顯示所有試題都良好，每位學生的CS都小於0.40，三個學習達成階層後測2的D值都低於0.3896，紙筆測驗分數高的學生，其再結晶實作所得的晶體產率高，純度也高，其一致程度在具體與辨認階層皆為100％，在歸納階層為91.3％，這些事實可由每位學生學習進步情形得到驗證。由以上結果可以顯示本研究所開發的再結晶實驗技能精通學習教材及教學策略，對於再結晶實驗技能的精通學習相當有效，90％以上的學生都達到歸納階層，故適合於大二有機化學實驗課程。本研究所用的方法，可推廣應用於其他化學實驗技能的教學研究上。Item 以認知圖評量"酸雨"STS教學的學習成就(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 1997-10-??) 王澄霞; 謝昭賢"畫圖"是作圖者製作一種具有周邊(bounded)的圖形，表徵著他對真實之察覺。因此學習者所畫出的圖形相當於他的認知。在本研究藉由分析學習者之認知圖，在從事酸雨STS教學活動之前、中及後之變化情形，以評量學習者的學習成就，並試探酸雨STS教學活動是否促進學習者瞭解、發展高階層思考及達到學習目標。學習者在活動中被要求不斷修改所畫的認知圖，因為知識的建構是動態、連續的過程。認知圖的評量基準是根據學習者的認知圖呈現(a)對議題覺醒，(b)了解議題相關知識，(c)提出各種作抉擇及解決問題的方案，(d)認知各種方案與對個人或對社會的本質可能有什麼影響。作者由學習者的認知圖之(1)構成項目之增減，(2)構成項目之聯結，(3)構成項目排置之變化，看出學習者經由活動建構酸雨相關知識及釐清相關價值觀。認知圖顯示學習者覺醒到酸雨相關議題是由人類之不當行為所產生，因此人類需負起責任、採取行動，防止酸雨污染之產生並解決其問題。本研究結果證實，畫網狀圖是一種很有效的評量工具，它協助教師了解學習者在新的情境中聯結、重組、建構、修正及調整其認知結構。Item 我國聽覺障礙兒童語文學習之調查研究(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 1982-06-??) 林寶貴This study was a followup of an earlier survey conducted from November 1976 to January 1977 on communication trends in schools and classes for the hearing impaired children in Taiwan, R. O. C. The 1976-1977 survey was a nation-wide investigation indicating that there was a large trend towards the use of Manual System in schools and classes for the hearing impaired in Taiwan. Therefore the academic achievement and language development of the hearing impaired children showed quite obvious delay in comparison with normal children of the same age.Recently due to the speedy growth of economic development of the country, there also brings a distinctive Improvement for special education both in quality and in quantity. In order to know what progress has been made in the education for the hearing impaired within the past few years, a followup survey was carried out from December 1981 to March 1982. This investigation included responses from 80% of all students in schools and classes for the hearing impaired in Taiwan. The results showed a large and growing trend towards the use of Combined System (sign and oral system) and Total Communication, and the improvements in wearing hearing aids and developing the lipreading and auditory training.On the other hand, the early start for preschool education, parents guidance, health education, experiment by using oral method, textbooks, teaching materials and facilities, teachers' traing programs, students' academic achievements etc. are suggested to be further enriched and improved in the future for developing the education for the hearing impared children in Taiwan, R. O. C.Item 體育科學中的認知學習對技能學習的影響(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 1981-06-??) 黃國義The study was conducted during the First Term of 1981. Subjects were 80 male students at the Ho-ping Junior High School, Taipei. According to their Pre-class test results, they were divided homogeneously into 4 groups. Each group received 3 weeks "Basketball Set-Shot" instruction. The teaching methods were:group I: Students were given instructions, demonstration and clue of feed-back.groupII: Students were given instructions, demonstration, However with no clue of feedback. groupIII:Students were given instructions, however with no demonstraction and clue of feedback.grpupIV:Nothing of above mentioned were given.The Purpose of the present research was to investigate:1. The variance from results of teaching Physical Education between cognitive learning and non-cognitive learning.2. The variance among the various Physical Education teaching methods.3. The variance from pre-class test to post-class test of 4 kind of Physical Education Teaching methods.The data were subjected to Analysis of Variance and Posterion Comparisons Newman-Keuls Method. Along with a detailed analysis and discussion, the study drew the following conclusions.1. Teaching Physical education with cognitive learning was signifi-cantly superior to non-cognitive learning (p<.01).2. Teaching Method I was significently superior to Teaching. Method II (p<.01)and superior to Teaching Method III(p<.05)3. Teaching Method II was superior to Teaching Method IV(p<-05)4. Although each teaching method has its strength and weakness, Yet by companing the results of Pre-class test and Post-class test it is found each teaching method have considerable im-porvement(p<.01).Item 邏輯思考能力評量工具的編製(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 1988-06-??) 黃寶鈿本測驗之編製目的在設計一套評量學生的邏輯思考能力的測試工具（乙卷），並與前一期國科會專題研究計畫所設計之甲卷配合，以建立一套複本測試工具。本測驗之適用範圍為形式操作期之學生。本工具包括比例、控制變因、機率、相關及組合等五種推理能力，每部分包括兩種相同內容的題目。本測驗之折半信度為0.47 - 0.87，庫李信度為0.47 - 0.86，Cronbach信度係數在0.47 - 0.86間。本測驗經由項目分析結果顯示其具有相當的鑑別作用與適當的難度分佈。構念效度為0.31 - 0.82，與化學成就測驗之相關為0..20至0.55，與魏氏智商之相關為0.26至0.47，以上結果皆達到統計上之顯著水準。