研究發展處
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Item 冷高壓與台灣冬季之天氣(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 1982-06-??) 陳國彥Located on the eastern side of the great land mass of Asia and on the western edge of the Pacific Ocean, Taiwan has the kind of wind patterns which are largely determined by the monsoons. In winter the cold Asiatic continent develops an immense thermal anticyclone, as cold air mass (symbol Cp), from which severe great surges of dry and severe cold air periodically spread oceanward, these northwest winds in the continent become a northest monsoon bringing moisture from the ocean by the time it reaches Taiwan.Therefore, the winds in Taiwan prevail from the northeast, having its origin over the cold land mass of eastern Siberia. During winter period the northeast winds coincide with the northeast trade winds and the velocity increases immensely, especially in the northern coastal region. These winds contain high moisture after crossing the Taiwan Strait and, as they rise to pass over the high mountains, in Taiwan condensation occurs. Thus, these northeastern monsoon winds provide this part of the island with heavy rainfall and cloudy weather. The south western part of the island, however, has become a rain shadow area, for the central mountain ranges extending from north to south effectively prevent these moisture-bearing winds from bringing rains to the south western section of Taiwan.Item 溫濕圖與柯本氣候分類(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 1984-06-??) 陳國彥Among the various types of classification of climate, Koppen's classification system is the most widely used for teaching and studying of Geography. This clas-sification is based upon the mean annual and monthly temperature and precipita-tion. Native vegetation is looked upon as the best expression of the totality of climate so that many of the climate boundaries are selected with vegetation limits in mind. A unique and distinctive feature of the system is the employment of an ingenious symbolic nomenclature in designating the climatic types. Each tyn of climate is described by a formula consisting of a combination of letters, and each of which has a precise meaning. The essential feature of climagraph is the plotting of two elements of climate against one another. For example, the mean monthly temperature of a station may be plotted against the mean monthly precipitation of the same station. Each calendar month is represented by a point and the point can be connected to form a closed circuit representative of the annual cycle. The utility of such a graph lies in the fact that a particular climate is represented by a figure of distinctive shape. Station having the same shapes and located on the same portion of the climagraph can be assigned to a particular climate type. In this paper, the feature of climograph is used as a means to classify climate which was invented by W, Koppen.Item 清代侵臺颱風災害之初步研究(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 1981-06-??) 陳國彥Typhoon is the most destructive natural force in the island of Taiwan. The destructiveness is due to its strong winds, heavy rainfalls and storm surges.The Chinese name for typhoon is chu-fen, meaning "strong wind from all quarters", it is also called colloguially hong-tai in the areas of Fukien and Taiwan.The records of typhoons during the period of C'hing dynasty are very hard to collect, but one can find lot of gazetteer and private diaries roughly illustrating the disasters of typhoons, covering the period from 1691 to 1894 (Emperor Kang-shi to Emperor Kwang-hshi), these materials show the major typhoon occured in different region of Taiwan.After tranfering the reocrds in the luner to solar callender, an analizing then, it is found that the monthly frequency of typhoon in Tqiwan during the period of C'hing dynasty is very similar to that period of modern iustrumental observation, and that the annual frequency of typhoon is mosty associated with weak soler activity.