教師著作
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/handle/20.500.12235/31273
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Item Critical factors for marketing urban cultural tourism: A conceptual model.(2010-03-07) Liu; Y. D.; Lin; Chi-FanCultural tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing global tourism markets; and marketing plays an important role in promoting cultural tourism destinations and increasing their competitiveness and attractiveness. Based on the 'value-based marketing' concept of Kotler and Keller (2008); this study takes a comprehensive overview of previous literature and identifies three dimensions which embrace a series of factors related to the marketing of urban cultural tourism. First; 'value exploration' consists of segmentation; targeting and positioning - the essence of strategic marketing. This study demonstrates that cultural tourism market can be segmented by six factors. Some elements are also proposed to craft a city's positioning. The second dimension is 'value creation'; and authenticity; inclusiveness and creativity are the three critical factors for developing cultural tourism products. Third; 'value delivery' is concerned with how a city can deliver the new value offerings more efficiently. The establishment of partnerships and the deployment of supporting resources are deemed as crucial. Finally; the conceptual model of this study could be presented as a base line for further primary research.Item Cultural events and cultural tourism development: Lessons from the European Capitals of Culture.(2012-12-14) Liu; Y. D.One of the major forms of cultural tourism development undertaken throughout Europe has been the staging of a growing number of cultural events. The event of European Capitals of Culture (ECOC) is probably the best example of the new trends of cultural tourism in Europe; which is therefore used in this article to demonstrate some of the key issues surrounding the event-led strategy for cultural tourism development. Based on case study; historical approach and document analysis; this study reviewed systematically the cases; documents and literatures of ECOC over a 20-year period. The research findings point to a number of ways in which the ECOC constitutes a boost for the development of cultural tourism in terms of realizing experience economy; enhancing city image; facilitating urban regeneration; promoting cultural production and consumption; as well as establishing partnerships.Item Planning considerations of urban cultural tourism: A case study of four UK cities.(2010-01-01) Liu; Y. D.Cultural tourism can be used to achieve a wide range of tourism policy goals. To reflect the diversity of both resources and tourists; planning is necessary. The aim of this research is to identify critical factors of cultural tourism planning; and group them into dimensions. The four dimensions developed are: inherent resources; created resources; marketing and partnership. Moreover; taking case study as the research method; four UK cities (London; Edinburg; Glasgow and Liverpool) with abundant experience in developing cultural tourism were selected to test the model's applicability. Finally; the data of this study is derived from literature review; document analysis and observation.Item Socio-cultural impacts of major event: Evidence from the 2008 European Capital of Culture; Liverpool.(2013-01-01) Liu; Y. D.Events are emerging worldwide and are seen to have significant economic and socio-cultural impacts on the destination and host society. However; there are only handful studies focusing on the socio-cultural impacts of events. This study fills in this gap by focusing on the socio-cultural impacts of the 2008 European Capital of Culture; Liverpool on the socially marginalised communities. The research is based on analysis of quantitative and qualitative data collected from four distinct neighbourhoods; which help to give a comparison of how major event influence a wide cross-section of the population. Totally 2;252 residents were surveyed over 3 years in order to track the changes of performance; and eight community workshops were conducted. The research findings point to three dimensions of socio-cultural impacts of the event which could contribute to the enhancement of quality of life; including participation and interest in cultural activities; accessibility and inclusion effect of cultural event; and social outcomes in terms of the enhancement of sense of place and local identity.