地理研究

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/handle/20.500.12235/194

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    The Continuity of Geography Learning Contents in Japan
    (地理學系, 2013-11-??) Yoshiyasu Ida
    In Japan, geography is taught in Social Studies in elementary and junior high school, and in Geography and History which is subject name in senior high school. World history has been the required course while geography has not. As a result, less than half of senior high school students learn geography now and many students only learn it in elementary and junior high school. While the learning contents have been still focused on life area in elementary school, they have been focused on “Geography of Japan and the world” in junior high school since the National Curruculum in 2009. On the other hand, some people believe geography should be the require course in senior high school because geography learning is not enough now. Some schools already set geography as the required course experimentally and the MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) pays attention to the effect. In addition, the integrated education for elementary and junior high schools, and the one for junior high and senior high schools have increased in Japan. Though the impacts of this new trend are not clear now, there is a possibility that the opportunities to learn geography may be expanded because such schools have more time to teach the subjects. Moreover, the curriculum will be reconstructed according to geographical points of view and inquiry, not learning areas. It is expected that they will be more theme-centered in senior high school so that students can cultivate the geographical perspectives and thinking ability, and conduct field research more often than before.
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    Changing Perspectives of Geographical Education in Singapore: Staying Responsive and Relevant
    (地理學系, 2013-11-??) Geok-Chin Ivy Tan
    Investment in education has always been a key national strategy to ensure Singapore's economic competitiveness and growth. Before the turn of the century, in 1997, a major educational reform with the official vision of Thinking Schools, Learning Nation (TSLN) was introduced by the then Prime Minister at the 7th International Conference on Thinking. The aims of Thinking Schools, Learning Nation were to develop critical and creative thinking, instil lifelong learning passion, and promote nationalistic commitment in the young. To support the TSLN vision several initiatives were implemented to promote thinking skills, National Education, and information technology in schools.Sequentially, to enable schools to implement these new initiatives another thrust called Teach Less, Learn More (TLLM) was introduced by the Ministry of Education. This paradoxical phrase is a call to teachers to be less dependent on the use of rote learning and to move away from teaching for tests and examinations. Instead, they are to engage their students with more studentcentered pedagogies to prepare them for the challenges of the 21st century. The focus of Teach Less, Learn More was on the transformation of teaching pedagogies in order to promote more active learning on the part of the learners. To support all these new thrusts and initiatives, the curriculum review committee boldly recommended a content reduction in all subjects thereby freeing up more curriculum time for more studentcentered pedagogies in the classrooms.Against this background, geographical education in Singapore has undergone critical transformations to be responsive and relevant to the needs of the changing educational scene inSingapore since the turn of the century. This paper will critically discuss the changes in terms of geographical content, pedagogy and assessments and also highlight the challenges in geographical education in Singapore as a result of these changes.