臺灣戰後的女性參政研究──以臺灣省臨時省議會和臺灣省議會為中心

Abstract

為了瞭解臺灣戰後女性參政的實踐歷程，本論文以臺灣省臨時省議會和臺灣省議會為中心，研究1951-1998年十二屆省議會，58位女性省議員參政的性別特質，探討黨國體制和父權體制對女性參政影響，重現女性參政實力在兩權夾縫曲折中成長自立，解釋女性參政權與其他女性權益關連，以期建立一個新視野的臺灣女性參政史。 本論文發現婦女保障名額在1950-1960年鼓勵女性參政，但1960年代國民黨以「提名─同額競選」抑制第三屆女性自立參政的可能性後，婦女保障名額從保障女性轉換成保障男性，直到1970年代民主運動帶動黨外女性省議員參選，衝擊第七屆選舉並提昇女性參政以後，1980年代國民黨籍地方派系女性省議員也以違紀參選突圍，提昇女性省議員當選率。由此脈絡可知早在第二屆省議會選舉後，女性省議員就有擺脫婦女保障名額的企圖，但無奈黨國體制加強控制壓抑女性自主參政的傾向。同時，在父權思維下，社會觀感慣例忽視女性參政主體性，尤其本論文發現近六成靠實力當選的事實，被一致弱化為女性參選需依賴婦女保障名額的印象，以此鄙視女性省議員或女性參政不具競爭實力。 58位女性省議員以本省籍和國民黨籍居多數，平均以45.9歲高齡就職，普遍出身性別平等教育的家庭，多數具有不服輸的鐵娘子悍性（反傳統溫柔賢淑的社會認同），必須完成母職或者母職和民代職兼具，才能獲得丈夫和家庭成員支持參政，這些都是女性參政特殊的性別議題。她們認為自己不僅為描述性代表，也是實質性代表，認同作為女性省議員，對於女性議題積極關注，在省議會的女性議題相關提案質詢，多有表現，並站在女性立場發聲，應證了做為婦女代表的女性省議員參與政治資源分配，的確能提昇女性權益。In order to understand the women participation in politics during Taiwan postwar period, this thesis foucs on Taiwan Interim Provincial Assembly and Taiwan Provincial Assembly from 1951 to 1998, researching gender characteristics of 58 assemblywomen, discussing the reserved-seats system and patriarchy impact on women in politics, explaining female suffrage and other women's rights , in order to establish a new vision of women political participation in Taiwan history. Frist, this study found that the reserved-seats system encourage women to participated in politics during 1950-1960. But in the 1960s the KMT operated "one nominate-same amount campaign," inhibited the possibility of independence women to participated the third session of assembly. The reserved-seats system of women converted to preserve men. In 1970s, democracy movement led opposition members of provincial elections, the impact of the seventh elections and enhance women's political participation. In 1980s, the KMT local factions female candidates break discipline also enhance women's political participation. From this history context, as early as the second provincial assembly elections, most of assemblywomen have this intention to get rid of the reserved-seats system, but the KMT tends to suppress independent political participation of women. Second, in the patriarchal society, they tend to ignore women subjectivity. This thesis found that sixty percent of assemblywomen were elected on their own strength, but this fact was been ignored and contempt all assemblywomen depend upon the reserved-seats system, with not competitive strength in politics. Most of assemblywomen are Taiwanese and KMT, with an average age of 45.9, from background of gender equality in education and home. They were Iron Maiden with intrepid and unyielding personality (anti-social identity of traditional gentle graciousness), must fulfilled motherhood, in order to obtain support from husband and family members. These are specific gender issues on woman political participation. They consider themselves not only as descriptive representatives, but also active representatives. Assemblywomen identity as a woman, care about women's issues, standing on female vocal stance, and allocating political resources for women. They indeed enhance women's rights.