利益團體影響民營化政策制定之研究－ 以台灣菸酒公司產業工會聯合會為例
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Date
2005
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論文摘要：
利益團體區分為公益性團體與私益性團體；公益性團體以促進公共
利益為主要目的，且以一般人為服務對象，例如環境保護團體；私益性
團體以促進私人利益為目的，且有其特定服務對象的團體，例如工會。
在我國邁進民主與經濟發展之際，各種工會亦隨著民主潮流而紛紛成立
，面對公營事業民營化的議題，相關的工運更是蓬勃發展。如果政府的
政策或施政方案與利益團體有關，則在政策制定或實施的過程中，利益
團體便可能採取遊行、抗爭、遊說等等策略或訴求手段，力圖影響政府
政策。例如，台灣菸酒公司產業工會聯合會對於政府規劃將台灣菸酒股
份有限公司實施民營化，為了保障會員的權益及防止財團介入等問題，
乃積極向政府有關行政部門表達主張與訴求。
利益團體在參與政策過程方面，莫不努力爭取「接近」政府及參與
政策的機會。本文發現利益團體的遊說策略可分為「聯盟」、 「困窘」、
「資訊」、 「遲滯」、 「選區壓力」、「訴訟」及「等待」等型態，作為獲
取接近政策決策點的機會。另外，利益團體的影響力大小亦與其團體規
模的大小、社會地位的高低、團結力的強弱、領導與管理能力的良窳有
關。
利益團體是公共政策制定過程中的一項重要影響因素，它對政策過
程的影響，主要是表現在對行政部門、立法部門、司法部門及政黨施加
壓力，進行遊說或訴訟活動。台灣菸酒工聯亦是如此，在台灣菸酒公司
的民營化過程中，台灣菸酒工聯運用各種方法對行政、立法部門施展其
影響力，意圖使政府部門制定對其較為有利之政策。
本研究發現，台灣菸酒工聯在民營化政策制定過程中，所施展的遊
說策略與行動，確有其效果，此可見於對政府部門所造成的影響、及延
遲公司民營化的時程。是故，在政策制定過程中，利益團體彙整其成員
的需求，向政府機關反應，提出利益表達，透過遊說方式確能對政府機
關的政策制定產生相當程度的影響。
Abstract： The interest groups are categorized into the public interest groups and private interest groups. The primary goal of the public interest groups is to promote the public welfare and also to offer the services to the public, such as environmental protection associations. On the contrast, the private interest groups work for the personal profits and offer the services to certain people, such as the unions. A variety of unions are being established due to the trend when our country advances democratic and economic development. Confronting with the issue of state-owned enterprises’ privatization, many related strikes or rallies have happened frequently. An interest group can influence the government’s decision by means of parades, demonstrations, or canvasses when a related policy being brought into force. Take Confederation of Trade Unions of Taiwan Tobacco& Liquor Company as an example, in order to protect the union members’ profits and keep from the involvement of a syndicate, they actively showed to the authority their demands and protested while the government was planning to privatize Taiwan Tobacco & Liquor Company. When the interest groups take a part in the policy-making process, they work hard for the opportunities to approach the government officials and influence their decision.
Abstract： The interest groups are categorized into the public interest groups and private interest groups. The primary goal of the public interest groups is to promote the public welfare and also to offer the services to the public, such as environmental protection associations. On the contrast, the private interest groups work for the personal profits and offer the services to certain people, such as the unions. A variety of unions are being established due to the trend when our country advances democratic and economic development. Confronting with the issue of state-owned enterprises’ privatization, many related strikes or rallies have happened frequently. An interest group can influence the government’s decision by means of parades, demonstrations, or canvasses when a related policy being brought into force. Take Confederation of Trade Unions of Taiwan Tobacco& Liquor Company as an example, in order to protect the union members’ profits and keep from the involvement of a syndicate, they actively showed to the authority their demands and protested while the government was planning to privatize Taiwan Tobacco & Liquor Company. When the interest groups take a part in the policy-making process, they work hard for the opportunities to approach the government officials and influence their decision.
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Keywords
利益團體, 產業工會聯合會, 民營化, 團體協商, 政策制定, Interest groups, Confederation of Trade Unions, Privatization, Collective bargginning, Policy-making