以技術接受模式與創新擴散理論探討影響區塊鏈技術接受與擴散之因素

Abstract

區塊鏈（Blockchain）是金融科技的關鍵技術，以去中介化（Disintermediation）的交易機制為基礎，具有一致（Consensus）、來源可溯（Provenance）、不可更改（Immutability）與永久保存（Finality）等特質，為信賴度極高的金融技術。因此，區塊鏈徹底顛覆傳統銀行所使用於支付清算和信用管理的基礎資訊技術。雖然，區塊鏈之新興應用日增，唯傳統銀行對區塊鏈技術仍處於探索階段，亦少有業者或學者、專家研究影響區塊鏈技術接受與擴散之關鍵要素。為解決此影響未來金融界發展之議題，加速傳統銀行接受區塊鏈，並且普及此技術，本研究擬結合科技接受模式(TAM)、創新擴散理論(IDT)及整合科技接受模型(UTAUT)，定義研究模型，探討影響金融業使用導入並普及區塊鏈之關鍵要素。本研究擬邀集專家，導入基於網決策實驗室分析法 (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory，DEMATEL) 之分析網路流程 (DEMATE based Analytic Network Process，DANP)，推衍關鍵要素，建構影響關係圖，並定義加速技術擴散與接受之策略，並進而邀請銀行從業人員，以偏最小平方法之結構方程模式(Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling) 技術驗證影響關係之顯著性。本研究將以我國銀行產業實證分析模式之可行性，透過決策實驗室分析法了解，易於使用為影響採用區塊練行為意圖之最重要因素;而透過結構方程模型得知，與銀行業人員使用並接受區塊鏈科技關聯度最高之因素為努力期望，而採用區塊鏈所產生的風險，與其採用區塊鏈技術的行為意圖為負相關。研究結果將可作為定義促成銀行業導入並擴散區塊鏈技術資訊策略之用，所定義之分析模式亦可作為分析各新興科技技術接受與擴散關鍵成功要素與策略之用。Blockchain is a key technology of financial technology (Fintech). Based on the disintermediation trading mechanism, the blockchain is characterized of the feature including consensus, provenance, immutability and finality. Thus, the blockchain can become a trusted Fintech. Therefore, blockchain has become the technique which can revolutionize and transform the underlying technologies of bank payment clearing and credit information systems. Although the applications of the blockchain is increasing rapidly, traditional banks are still exploring the unknown future. Further, very limited scholars or managers tried to explore the factors influencing the acceptance and diffusion of blockchain technology. Therefore, this study aims to propose an integrated research model based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT), and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) the factors influencing banks' future usage of blockchain technology will be derived cased on experts by using the DNP method. The Influence Relation Map (IRM) can thus be defined and defining strategies for accelerating technology diffusion and acceptance. Bank employees will be invited further to verify the significance of the influence relationship by using the PLS Structural Equation Model. Empirical analysis results based on Taiwanese experts and respondents have verified the feasibility of the analytic process and theoretic frameworks. Based on the results being derived by DEMATEL, “Perceived Ease of Use” will be the most influential factor on the behavioral intention for adopting blockchain technology. Further, based on the confirmatory factor analysis by the PLS-SEM method, “Effort” is the aspect with the highest correlation with the behavioral intention to adopt blockchain technology. Conversely, the “Risk” aspect is the negatively correlated with the adoption of the blockchain technology. The research results will serve as the basis for defining strategies to diffuse and promote the adoption of the blockchain in the banking industry. The analysis model can also be used as a key success factor in the analysis of the acceptance and diffusion of emerging technologies.