敘事理論應用於臺灣奇幻小說封面設計之創作研究

Abstract

西方奇幻文學興起於十七世紀，十九世紀復甦之後在二十世紀末傳入台灣，不但興起一股風潮，也將奇幻元素帶入台灣本土作品之中。本研究梳理小說之敘事結構和圖像之敘事型態，將小說事件中「人物、場景、情節」三項基本要素轉換成圖像敘事結構，以「交錯性結構、動作過程、反應過程」三種視覺敘事手法安排小說事件之情節。其次蒐集近五年2500份台灣作家撰寫、出版之奇幻小說封面設計樣本，針對其圖像組成結構、圖像敘事結構、構圖表現手法、插畫表現手法、圖像創作手法、圖像風格歸納分析，並利用問卷統計觀察讀者對於樣本敘事判斷的根據與差異。其中以「有人物有場景」之組成結構、「動作過程或反應過程」之敘事結構、「縱向」之構圖結構、「情境」之表現手法、「電腦繪圖」之創作方法、「日系插圖」之風格最多，經過問卷調查統計分析之後發現「提供背景設定資訊的視覺元素」最影響讀者對於圖像故事敘述之判斷，「敘事結構要素和型態」雖然同為讀者的判斷依據，卻非直接影響敘事判斷之主因。最後以台灣奇幻小說封面進行設計創作，實驗各結構和表現形式運用於圖像敘事之變化，發現「圖像組成結構」和「圖像表現手法」對於圖像敘事之呈現會造成影響，「裝飾性」的表現手法較難與圖像敘事形態進行連結，「構圖表現手法」不影響圖像敘事之安排，圖像敘事的呈現以「圖像元素」和「元素間的關連」為設計的主要核心。Fantasy literature rose in seventeenth century and revived in nineteenth century. In twenty century, fantasy blew up publication media and became a pop culture phenomenon. The import of fantasy introduced a great quantity of classic novels to Taiwan, and brought fantastic elements into Taiwan’s creations. The purpose of this study was to take novel’s narrative structure and pictorial narrative form together, and transformed basic factors from literal into image. In data conversion, used “interlaced structure”, “motioned process” and “reactive process” three visual narrative methods to arrange for plots in story events. Secondly, this study collected two thousand and five hundred novels’ cover designs of Taiwanese fantasy written by Taiwanese and published in Taiwan in the past five years, and analyzed their form, pictorial narrative, composition, illustration expression, creation method, and technique style. This study examined reader’s estimation and experience on images’ narrative by using questionnaire survey. Among the categories, the form include “character” and “scene”, the “motioned process” or “reactive process” of pictorial narrative, the “vertical” composition, the illustration expressed circumstance, the computer graphic artwork, and the Japanese drawing style had the most quantity of samples. The questionnaire results showed that, when readers looked at cover design of Taiwanese fantasy novel, they comprehended pictorial narrative by pictorial elements which provide information for background. Narrative form and composition both influenced readers’ judgement but were not the main factors that affected readers’ association to pictorial narrative. In conclusion, this study combined form and composition with pictorial narrative, and then represent on cover designs of Taiwanese fantasy novels. The creative experiment indicated that the form and expression of picture related to pictorial narrative, but the composition of picture didn’t influence pictorial narrative. Furthermore, the “decorative expression” was hard to connect with pictorial narrative, and the relationship between each elements was the main core of the design expression in pictorial narrative.