陳翠蓮許佩賢Chen, Tsui-LienHsu, Pei-Hsien張尹嚴Chang, Yin-Yen2023-12-082023-08-162023-12-082023https://etds.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/thesis/detail/19b1676256b8bd2d1b6b7d8ee197f96d/http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/handle/20.500.12235/120415近年來，情治體系的研究成果豐碩，然而普遍被稱為「政治犯監控」的特殊分子考管制度，影響政治犯生活甚鉅，卻少有相關討論。本文透過分析官方檔案及口述歷史，梳理特殊分子考管制度的建置與運作情況，探究情治機關、基層執法者以及特殊份子三者間的互動關係，以此說明國家權力滲透基層社會的過程及其阻礙，以及威權體制下的受監控者如何應對國家暴力的侵害。本文從制度、體制及行動者三種面向進行分析。國民黨政府為了防止已現身的國家敵人再度犯案，自1950年起陸續將「自首分子」、「新生分子」、「特殊家屬」及「登記分子」劃定為監控對象，在1963年時合稱為「特殊分子」，並利用監視控制、輔導教化等手段，進行收編或鎮壓。警備總部透過理性的制度規劃與統計分析，計算著監控人數、強化情治分工能力，嘗試國家權力延伸至基層社會，也確立了考管體系的運作。然而，考管工作的執行情形卻不如情治單位所預期。在敵體化社會氛圍下，為維持鎮壓的正當性，國家必須鞏固敵人的狡詐形象，卻也因此陷於執法上的矛盾，加劇對國家安全的需求。情治單位間組織理性的衝突，也使得考管工作不斷出現偏失。在有限的執法資源下，龐大的業務需求導致執法者在執行業務時多感困難，也難以換取民間社會的協力。上級機關僅能將業務壓力轉嫁給執法者，最終造成執法者的失序、教化與監視效果不彰。基層執法者由於業務繁重，常利用上級難以直接監督的特性，透過怠惰、虛應等方式應付考管工作，更有人利用逼迫特殊分子失業或遷居推卸監控責任，因而加深國家暴力的侵害；特殊分子則常利用日常抵抗的形式應付執法者監視，利用欺瞞、交涉或甚至衝撞界線等方式，爭取更多的生存空間，並且團結彼此，奠定解嚴前後政治受難者團體紛起的社會基礎，顯示受難者未屈服於威權統治。在考管成效的評估上，情治單位僅能勉強達成人身動態與表面活動的監控，而轉變思想或吸收運用則有所侷限。不過在執法者頻繁濫權執法下，同時製造著恐懼的氛圍，反倒因此實現預防再犯的效果。這也解釋了為何「情治體系認為監控不如預期，受難者卻認為監控無所不在」的現象。考管制度於1970年代末，受美國人權外交政策與臺灣國內民主運動影響，執法手段日趨緩和。然而，執法密度卻也更為嚴密。直至威權統治接近尾聲之際，情治機關仍希望延續考管制度，顯示著並未放棄對於特殊分子的監控，甚至政黨輪替前仍有相關監控紀錄。This study examines the establishment and operation of the political prisoners(特殊分子) surveillance system through the analysis of official documents and oral histories. It delves into the interrelated dynamics among intelligence agencies,the secret police, and political prisoners. The goal of the study is to shed light on how state power infiltrated grassroots society, the obstacles it encountered, and the responses of those under surveillance to state violence within an authoritarian regime.The analysis is structured along three dimensions: institutional framework, systemic structure, and agents' actions. First, it explains the strategies employed by the government under the leadership of the Kuomintang Party, which included surveillance, control, and educational indoctrination. These measures were designed to suppress or assimilate political prisoners, with the goal of preventing any recurrence of their activities. Taiwan Garrison Command(臺灣警備總司令部), through rationalized institutional planning and statistical analysis, sought to extend state authority into the grassroots level. However, the implementation of surveillance did not align with the expectations of the intelligence entities. To maintain the legitimacy of suppression, the state found itself compelled to reinforce the enemies' deceptive image, which led to an unbridled pursuit of national security objectives; conflicts among intelligence agencies also generated persistent problems in surveillance operations. Constrained by limited resources,the secret police struggled to comply with higher directives and effectively collaborate with the general population. The result was disorganization among the secret police and an ineffective outcome of indoctrination and surveillance. As a result, the secret police often transgressed legal boundaries, exacerbating state violence. Political prisoners engaged in everyday forms of resistance, utilizing deception, negotiation, and solidarity to contend with the secret police. This demonstrates the resilience of those subjected to authoritarian rule. In evaluating surveillance efforts, intelligence agencies succeeded in monitoring physical dynamics and superficial activities, yet faced challenges in reshaping the ideological beliefs of political prisoners. Amidst a climate of rampant abuses of authority by the secret police, a prevailing atmosphere of fear inadvertently achieved a deterrent effect on political prisoners.In the late 1970s, under the influence of U.S. human rights diplomacy and Taiwan's democratic movement, the level of enforcement within the surveillance system has gradually declined, but the intensity has increased. As the authoritarian regime neared its end, the intelligence agencies still sought to prolong the surveillance system.特殊分子政治犯監控制度社會控制國民黨情治機關political prisonersthe secret policesurveillance systemsocial controlKuomintang (KMT)intelligence agencyetd