劉有德Liu, Yeou-Teh許筑宇Syu, Jhu-Yu2019-09-052017-08-052019-09-052017http://etds.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi?o=dstdcdr&s=id=%22G060432058A%22.&%22.id.&http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw:80/handle/20.500.12235/106129背景：過去的研究認為外在注意力焦點能增進動作學習的表現，進而達到動作表現的自動化。然而在超姿勢動作學習的文獻中，曾有不一致的研究結果。初步檢視這些不一致的研究內容，除了技能精熟程度的不同，亦有可能來自於超姿勢動作的性質不同所致。目的：本研究探討初學者各別學習平衡板工作或擊準工作後，對超姿勢工作表現的影響。方法：實驗參與者隨機分配至平衡組與擊準組各十人，平衡組練習平衡板工作，擊準組練習擊準工作，每人進行十二天練習。所有實驗參與者均進行超姿勢工作(同時執行兩種工作)及單獨工作(平衡工作與擊準工作)的前測、後測及保留測，練習與測驗時每次試作皆為20秒。結果：平衡組單獨與超姿勢的平衡工作表現後測與保留測顯著優於前測，不分單獨或超姿勢的擊準工作表現後測與保留測顯著優於前測。擊準組的平衡工作表現在超姿勢中的保留測顯著優於後測與前測，擊準工作表現的後測與保留測顯著優於前測。結論：無論是平衡組或是擊準組同時執行兩個動作時，各單獨動作都會受到影響，但是擊準組的平衡動作表現在單獨執行或超姿勢下執行沒有差別，其可能原因為的性質藉由執行擊準動作之外在注意力焦點,提升了擊準組在超姿勢工作下的平衡動作表現。Introduction: Past studies suggest that external focus of attention enhances the performance of motor learning, which leads to the automaticity of motor performance. However, there has been inconsistent finding on learning of supra-postural tasks in the literature. Preliminary review of these studies of inconsistent content showed that in addition to the different levels of expertise, the reason of inconsistent results may have come from the characteristics of the motor tasks that were involved in the supra-postural tasks. Purpose: This study explored the influences of practicing stabilometer task only and target-hitting task only on the performance of the supra-postural task condition that consisted of both tasks. Method: Twenty participants were randomly assigned to the stabilometer group or target-hitting group. In 12 days of practice, stabilometer group practiced the stabilometer task and the target-hitting group practiced the target-hitting task. All the participants performed the stabilometer task and the target-hitting task both in stand-alone and in supra-posture conditions for the pre-test, post-test, and retention test. Every practice and test trial lasted for 20 seconds. Results: For the stabilometer group, the stabilometer performance improved in the retention and post-test from the pre-test for both conditions; the target-hitting performance also improved from pre-test to retention and post-test. However, for the target-hitting group, the stabilometer performance was significantly better than the pre- and post-tests only in the super-posture condition, and the overall target-hitting performance was significantly higher for the retention and post-test compared to the pre-test. Conclusion: Whether in stabilometer group or target-hitting group, while executing two tasks at the same time, the performance of both tasks were affected. For the target-hitting group, the stabilometer performance of both conditions showed no difference. The possible reason was that the target-hitting task provided the external focus of attention for the stabilometer task in the supra-posture condition therefore enhanced the stabilometer performance.超姿勢工作開放動作技能運動學習注意力焦點Supra-postural taskone hand-hittingFocus of attention