陳廖安Chen, Liao An謝宜潔Hseih, Yi-Jie2020-12-142020-02-032020-12-142020http://etds.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi?o=dstdcdr&s=id=%22G060620008L%22.&http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw:80/handle/20.500.12235/110518本文以陳厚耀《春秋長曆》作為主要研究對象，因為其在《春秋》曆學上，繼承並發揮前代的成果，同時提出幾個觀點上的商榷，以供研究《春秋》曆學者參考。但凡論曆法者，皆會提及日至、朔閏、日食三者，故本文分四個主題，除了上述三者之外，首論陳厚耀「退一月」之說。 首先，「退一月」之說的優點，在於其對建正的理解有極大的幫助，且為前人所未有之觀點，是值得一提並且深入分析的。然而，「退一月」說的缺失，是對 於多數干支不合者未做解釋，直取杜預之說。 第二，陳厚耀依據《春秋》、《左傳》的內容認定蔀首，並運用「章蔀紀元」的計算，編排出〈古曆〉，有一定參考的程度，現存的古六曆經過學者考證，是戰國時期才出現的，雖具有參考性，但其為春秋時期使用之事實已然鬆動。 第三，陳厚耀〈曆編〉、〈曆存〉皆視杜預〈長曆〉是否有置閏不妥處，而加以說明。《春秋長曆》置閏的優點，一是較為平均，二是補桓公四年以及莊公二十年的閏月，經過陳厚耀的推求，得當年應有閏，可從現存杜預《春秋釋例》得證。而其置閏的缺點，一是過於「粗疏」，二是「矛盾」，遇到干支不合者，僅能姑從杜預〈長曆〉。 第四，陳厚耀運用《春秋》日食的記載，判斷閏月的增補、月份的數量。但是日食的計算皆引自《元史・曆志》的資料，未有自己的親算成果，若以〈古曆〉得出日食干支，33 個日食當中便有 14 個不合。再者，古六曆的推算公式當中， 並沒有計算交食的方法。 本文藉由以上幾點的解讀，分析《春秋長曆》的論點，以瞭解陳厚耀排定《春秋》曆譜的方法，再重新討論《四庫全書總目》所載此書的評價。Chen HouYao’s “Chun Qiu Calendar” passed down the achievement of predecessors and proposed some perspectives that were beneficial to the later generations as it had become a primary reference source for corresponding study to the scholars. Solstices, leap month and solar eclipse were those themes which would be touched upon when the Chinese calendar was discussed. In addition, Chen HouYao’s statement regarding “retreat a month” will be discussed in the article. Firstly, the statement of“retreat a month” was contributed to help comprehend the idea of“Jianzheng”. The progress was uneven throughout the history and the idea could always possibly be exploited and interpreted deeply. However, the shortcoming regarding the statement of“retreat a month” was being oversimplified . It was because he directly took Du Yu’s explanations of“Gan Zhi” and no explanations were made by himself. Secondly, Chen HouYao inferred the existence of the first of “Bu” from the content of “Chun Qiu” and “Zuo Zhuan”. He worked out the figure of calendar and organized the ancient calendars. Although those ancient calendars were proved to exist in the era of “Zhan Guo”, the value of reference was still remained unknown. Thirdly, Chen HouYao explained the mistakes about leap months in Du Yu’s calendar. He arranged and organized Du Yu’s calendar by working out the figure of ancient calendar. However, the idea could be proved in Du Yu’s “Chun Qiu Shi Li”. The shortcomings about his argument of leap months were uncomplicated and contradictory. Whenever he encountered some problems which could not explain, he merely followed Du Yu’s calendar to support his idea. Fourthly, Chen HouYao made use of the solar eclipse records of “Chun Qiu” to figure out the amounts of months between leap months. In fact, the calculations of solar eclipse all were referred to “History of Yuan Dynasty”. There were fourteen periods of solar eclipse that were incompatible with “Chun Qiu” calendar. Besides that, no way to calculate solar eclipse in the ancient calendars was presented. As aforementioned, when we interpreted the arguments of the “Chun Qiu Calendar” to understand Chen Houyao's method of scheduling the calendar.陳厚耀《春秋長曆》杜預曆法古六曆Chen Hou YaoChun Qiu CalendarDu Yucalendarancient calendars