國立臺灣師範大學科學教育研究所Lin, M. C.Tutwiler, M. S.Chang, C. Y.2014-12-022014-12-022011-01-011743-9884http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/handle/20.500.12235/42466This study investigated the relationship between the use of a three-dimensional Virtual Reality Learning Environment for Field Trip (3DVLE(ft)) system and the achievement levels of senior high school earth science students. The 3DVLE(ft) system was presented in two separate formats: Teacher Demonstrated Based and Student Co-navigated Based. The results from the pre- and post-intervention assessments, along with the demographic and affective data, were used to fit a series of multiple regression models to explore the relationship between achievement, attitude, and learning environment preference. Pre-intervention test score, virtual learning environment preference and use, the degree to which students found the system helpful, and gender were all significantly related to post-intervention test score variability, as was the interaction between gender and prior use of virtual environments.virtual learning environments (VLEs)virtual reality