梁孫傑Liang, Sun-Chieh張宜庭Chang, Yi-Ting2023-12-082023-08-072023-12-082023https://etds.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/thesis/detail/1d129d095b4bbfe4eaffeae1e711f3a2/http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/handle/20.500.12235/1189821942年西班牙作家塞拉（Camilo José Cela，1916-2002）出版其首部小說《杜瓦特家族》（La Familia de Pascual Duarte）後一舉成名，成為當代西班牙小說的新典範，透過獄中主角帕斯掛於等待死刑執行期間，以極其赤裸的自白書寫來回顧其慘烈的家族與謀殺歷史，寫實記述了內戰前後西班牙社會所面臨的殘暴與痛楚，以及破碎家庭加諸於個人身上所造成的重複暴力循環，塞拉爾後筆耕不輟、並於1989年獲頒諾貝爾文學獎。本論文將以法國哲學家及思想史學家傅柯（Michel Foucault，1926-1984）所提出之「常態化」（normalization）、「規訓權力」（discipline power）、監獄與懲罰等權力知識論述重新探訪帕斯掛所生長的文化環境，檢視他何以在如此高壓的社會隔絕系統中逐漸地「異常化」；同時援引法國精神分析學家拉岡（Jacques Lacan，1901-1981）之「鏡像階段」（Mirror Stage）、「伊底帕斯情結」（Oedipus Complex）等人格及心理理論，來探討杜瓦特家中早已「不正常」的家庭結構，梳理被「異化」的帕斯掛如何在深受母親慾望同化、且父位功能欠缺的狀況下，既無法解決伊底帕斯情結，亦未能進入社會化的象徵界，長期面臨性別認同不安、強迫性焦慮以及罪惡感侵蝕等困境，進而不斷壓抑自己的內心世界，以至於這些內在衝突與負面情緒開始影響到其所認知的外在世界，並出現精神官能症（neurosis）之心理病徵，導致他最終墮入瘋狂之邊境，選擇啟動其所認定的「正當」暴力機制犯下多起謀殺、甚至弒母之罪行。In 1942, the renowned Spanish author Camilo José Cela (1916-2002) published his very first novel: “La Familia de Pascual Duarte” (The Family of Pascual Duarte), which became a new paradigm in contemporary Spanish literature. The storyline presents a realistic account of the brutality and agony faced by Spanish society during the Civil War (La Guerra Civil Española, 1936-1939), as well as the repeated cycle of violence inflicted on the individual by such a broken family. This thesis focuses on the textual analysis of the protagonist, Pascual, with the theoretical concepts of the French philosopher and historian Michel Foucault (1926-1984). His systematic approach of analyzing “normalization," "discipline power," “prison,” and “punishment” will help to revisit the world that Pascual resided in and understand the reasons why he was "abnormalized" under this kind of social exclusion. Meanwhile, this thesis will draw on the theories of the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan (1901-1981), including "Mirror Stage" and "Oedipus Complex," in order to examine the abnormal structure of the Duarte family. As an "alienated" figure, Pascual was immersed in the Imaginary unity with his mother. The failure in the operation of the paternal metaphor obstructed his way to the resolution of the Oedipus complex and the entry into the Symbolic Order. Pascual constantly suffered from sexual identity confusion, anxiety, and guilt. As a result, these internal conflicts and negative emotions began to affect his perceived reality, causing neurotic symptoms. He fell into madness and became alarmingly violent. From total silence and forbearance to emotional meltdown, Pascual was subject to excessive stress and intense fury, which had led him to commit several murders and matricide.《杜瓦特家族》傅柯常態化瘋狂精神分析拉岡精神官能症弒母La Familia de Pascual DuarteFoucaultNormalizationMadnessPsychoanalysisLacanNeurosisMatricideetd