高賢忠陳穎叡Kao, Hsien-ChungChen, Yiing-Rei曾翌青Tseng, Yi-Ching2025-12-092025-08-082025https://etds.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/thesis/detail/e25d69b0e8492999ff8e23efbd81112e/http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/handle/20.500.12235/125567noneThe concept of the Wilson loop is applied to analyze the extended Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang (BHZ) model with a time-reversal symmetric coupling. According to the so-called periodic table, such a system is classified by a $mathbb{Z}_2$ topological invariant, ν. We find that the system is in the trivial phase (ν=0) when the Chern number, C, of the associated extended Qi-Wu-Zhang (QWZ) model is even and the system is in the topological phase (ν=1) when C of the associated extended QWZ model is odd.noneBHZ modeltopological insulatorWilson loopSSH modelQWZ model學術論文