蘇席瑤Hsi-yao Su蔡貴如Kuei-ju Tsai2019-09-032008-8-272019-09-032008http://etds.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi?o=dstdcdr&s=id=%22GN0693210262%22.&%22.id.&http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw:80/handle/20.500.12235/97669本研究探討媒體報導中語言與政治立場之關係。以臺灣電視新聞為例，我們分析了東森新聞、民視新聞、三立新聞及中天新聞所報導的政治新聞。採用方法包括量化的內容分析(content analysis)及以語言為重的批判言談分析(critical discourse analysis)，並將此兩分析方法所得之成果用於驗證范‧迪克(van Dijk)於1998年所提出之意識型態方陣(ideological square)。我們以內容分析量化研究2007年4月15日到5月9日間，四家新聞台總共100集的新聞節目。並從中選出三則重大政治新聞，以批判言談分析作為個案研究。分析結果一致顯示不管在報導數量或報導語言方面，東森及中天皆傾向國民黨，而民視與三立則傾向民進黨。 在內容分析中，我們發現新聞台對於政治新聞的處理深受其意識型態及政治立場所影響，而這些影響反映在新聞則數、新聞長度及新聞排序上。也就是說，新聞台對於所喜愛的政黨會給予其較多且較長的報導，並且這些報導會安排在節目一開始做為重點新聞，來凸顯其重要性。相反地，對於敵對的政黨，新聞台則給予較少且偏短的報導，並將其排序在節目後段。 在批判言談分析中，我們分析了新聞報導語言中的宏觀以及微觀結構。在新聞的宏觀分析中，我們驗證了新聞台在呈現報導一個新聞事件時所提出的各項資訊，並非隨機出現，而是依據意識型態方陣經過縝密的安排。因此，對我們有利或對他們不利之資訊會獲得傳播，相反地，對我們不利而對他們有利之資訊則會受到相對的封鎖。不只宏觀架構如此，微觀的運用亦如是。根據我們對於新聞報導中語言銜接之分析，我們也發現了不論是連接詞(conjunction)或是字彙銜接(lexical cohesion)，皆被媒體人操弄用來建構一個符合他們意識型態及政治立場的報導。 因此，本研究證實了不論是在報導數量上或是報導語言上，一個新聞台的政治立場皆顯著地影響了其政治新聞，亦即驗證了范‧迪克之意識型態方陣：對自己有利而對他人不利之訊息會被呈現，相對應的是對自己不利而對他人有利之訊息會被壓抑。This study aims to investigate the relations between language and political stances in the press. Four TV news stations in Taiwan were selected: ETTV News, FTV News, SET News, and CTi News. Both quantitative content analysis and critical discourse analysis were conducted to testify the ideological square proposed by van Dijk (1998). A total of 100 programs, from April 15 to May 9, 2007, were videotaped and quantitatively measured using content analysis. Three political events were further under critical discourse analysis as case studies. Results of the analyses revealed that ETTV News and CTi News were prone to the KMT, while FTV News and SET News were prone to the DPP. In the content analysis, it is found that a station’s political inclination biases its arrangement of political news in terms of news item, news duration, and news appearing order. Therefore, events congruent with the stations’ stances receive more reports of longer duration and appear earlier in a program. Contrarily, events that go against the stations’ ideologies receive fewer and more sketchy reports which come later in a program. In the critical discourse analysis, both macro- and micro-structures of the reports were examined. The analysis of news schema has manifested that the presentation of information by news stations is not random, but tactically organized according to the ideological square. Hence, information positive about us or negative about them would be expressed, while information positive about them or negative about us is suppressed. In the micro-analysis, it is shown that cohesive devices, including conjunction and lexical cohesion, are also manipulated by journalists to construct a world that best serves their ideologies and political stances. In sum, the study has demonstrated that preferred stances and ideologies are advocated by news stations in terms of quantity of news coverage as well as language of news reporting, whereas unwelcome stances and ideologies are suppressed both quantitatively and linguistically.內容分析批判言談分析政治言談電視新聞意識型態政治立場content analysiscritical discourse analysispolitical discourseTV newsideologypolitical stance