國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系劉潔心林怡君陳嘉玲林姿伶2014-12-022014-12-022005-12-15http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/handle/20.500.12235/39766台灣地區青少年藥物濫用問題日益嚴重，隨著社會潮流的不斷改變，青少年藥物濫用的防治策略也應符合時代趨勢，方能有效引起青少年注意，以達到防制的效果。因此本計畫的研究主旨，為從學校、社區家長兩方面，建立一個整合型的藥物教育模式，主要在從第一年研究調查中所發現的「國中學生藥物濫用危險因子及教育需求」資料庫中，研擬不同於傳統課室內教學策略，而改採以戲劇表演及網路為主的「國中生藥物濫用防制之同儕教育」。經由第一年研究證實(詳見管制藥品管理局第一年成果報告)，目前影響台灣國中生藥物濫用危險因子為個人的知識、態度及脫序行為；同儕裡的同儕壓力、同儕規範及同儕影響；家庭因素中的家庭連結、親子衝突、家庭溝通、子女知覺父母支持行為、父母督導等。因此在第二年國中生藥物濫用防制策略方面，則包括學校介入及社區介入兩部分，學校方面主要透過學校同儕教育配合網路社群的介入，社區方面則進行家長成長團體策略，透過社區家長教育介入並發展家長藥物濫用防制手冊，進行親子教育工作坊，最後評價其介入效果，除可降低青少年危險因子的危害，同時亦可積極提升青少年之保護因子，以達到預防青少年藥物濫用的目標。本研究共兩年，分為三階段進行。第一年分為兩階段進行，第一階段主要工作為國中學生藥物濫用生態學危險因子之調查，除瞭解目前台灣地區國中生藥物濫用的現況外，亦可瞭解影響國中生藥物濫用的重要影響因素，作為本研究介入策略的重要參考依據；第二階段，主要工作為國中生藥物濫用防制教材設計及發展，可分為學校及社區部分的教材設計，學校部分為發展一套藥物濫用防制同儕教育的同儕訓練課程，以作為第二年訓練同儕領導者之教材；社區部分為進行社區家長教育需求評估調查，利用焦點團體訪談、教育需求評估問卷等方式完成，以提供後續發展家長成長團體策略所需之「家長藥物濫用防制手冊」，並進行「親子教育工作坊」。第二年為本研究的第三階段（本年度之計畫），主要工作為執行介入及成效評價計畫，在學校部分，透過第二階段設計之同儕教育課程，訓練學校同儕領導者，與其共同發展戲劇教育之「校園遠離藥物行動劇團」於校內演出，同時以建立「網路社群」，吸引國中生於網路社群的討論，擴大同儕教育的效果，以建立國中生藥物濫用預防之社會規範，進一步影響國中生藥物濫用防制相關行為；社區方面，則藉由召募學校社區家長及社區中意見領袖、資源人物等，一起發展家長藥物濫用防制手冊，透過此手冊為教材，利用親子教育工作坊的方式，增加社區家長預防青少年藥物濫用行為，並於第二年下半年介入計畫實施前後，針對學校及社區進行相關之成效評價工作。本研究期待能將此研究經驗，提供其他衛生政策、教育單位及社政單位於推廣青少年藥物濫用防制上之參考，另亦希望將本研究之具體成果，直接提供給有需要之社區組織或學校單位，作為青少年藥物濫用防制推廣教育之用。其中學校方面的同儕教育策略所發展之「校園遠離藥物行動劇團」發展模組，可提供給一般國民中學未來在推廣藥物濫用防制策略之參考模組，「校園遠離藥物行動劇團」演出之光碟，亦可請相關單位發放至全國國民中學，作為預防青少年藥物濫用防制教育之教材；社區方面所發展之「家長藥物濫用防制手冊」及「親子教育工作坊」的家長成長團體策略，可提供其他社區組織作為家長教育之參考，亦可提供給相關政府機關、社政單位、社區組織於推廣社區青少年藥物濫用防制之用。最後，更希望藉此研究整合學校與社區資源之作法，能為台灣青少年藥物濫用防制工作開啟一個新的里程碑。The problem of drug abuse is increasingly serious among adolescents in Taiwan. The prevention strategies of adolescent drug abuse must conform to the trends as the social trends change over time in order to attract adolescents?? attentions. Thus this study aims to establish an integrated model of drug education in school and community settings. Based on the survey results of risk factors and educational needs of drug abuse in middle school students conducted in the first year of this research, an educational program named peers education of drug abuse prevention in middle school students was developed in the forms of drama playing and Internet network, different from traditional classroom teaching strategies,. According to the results of the first ?Vyear study, factors that influence drug abuse behaviors among middle school students include individuals?? knowledge, attitude and delinquent behaviors; peers?? pressures, group norms and influences; family connectedness, parent-child conflict, family communication, children??s perception of parents?? supportive behaviors, and supervision of parents. Therefore, drug abuse prevention strategies cover strategies both in school and community settings. In the school setting, intervention strategies include peers education and virtual community discussions in the Internet. In the community setting, parents development group strategies, including parents education intervention, development of parents drug abuse prevention manuals, implementation of parent-child education workshop, and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions, were used. These strategies not only can reduce the effects of risk factors but also promote the effects of protective factors, reaching the objectives of drug abuse prevention in adolescents. This study is a two-year research project with three stages. Purposes of the first stage research are to investigate the ecological risk factors of drug abuse and to understand the status of drug abuse and factors influencing drug abuse behaviors among middle school students in Taiwan, generating critical information for the development of intervention strategies. The second stage aims to design and develop teaching materials for drug abuse prevention programs. The teaching materials include school-based and community-based educational materials. The school-based design focuses on developing an action drama of peer education named ???H?Ha school free from drugs abuse?? for training peer leaders in the second year research. This stage also aims at creating a virtual community to attract middle school students?? discussions through Internet network and to provide social support by their peers. The community-based design aims at assessing educational needs through focus groups and questionnaire surveys. Findings from needs assessment can provide valuable information for developing drug abuse prevention booklets targeting parents, which will be used in parent-child education workshops in the second year of research. The third stage implemented in the second year of this research project (the current year), aims to implement intervention programs and to evaluate their effectiveness. For the school-based intervention, the action drama will be played and the discussions in the virtual community will be activated. These activities are expected to maximize the effects of peer education and to build up social norms toward substance abuse prevention with a hope of influencing substance abuse behaviors among middle school students. For the community-based intervention, parents, opinion leaders, resource personnel will be recruited and invited to involve in the development of educational materials. These educational materials will be used in parent-child workshops, expected to enhance藥物濫用藥物濫用防制教育整合型學校介入Subatance abusesubstance abuse prevention educationintegrated school intervention