潘鳳娟甘彩蓉2019-08-282011-2-232019-08-282011http://etds.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi?o=dstdcdr&s=id=%22GN0696810099%22.&%22.id.&http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw:80/handle/20.500.12235/85862《中國叢報》編者為破除西方人對中國的錯誤印象,因而翻譯大量中國典籍,希冀以此讓讀者了解中國真正面貌。在眾多中國典籍中,衛三畏選擇十八世紀初期藍鼎元所編纂的《女學》作為譯介典籍之一。本文借用格里斯伍「文化菱形」的概念作為分析模式,分析衛三畏的《女學》英譯,探析衛三畏的翻譯手法、翻譯目的、翻譯內文,以及衛三畏所建構的中國女性形象。 藍鼎元自述寫作《女學》之目的,乃因女教為治國平天下之本源,故欲藉婦人之力以收敦風厲俗、教化天下之效。研究發現,《女學》成書於藍鼎元仕途不遂之際,實藍鼎元欲藉此完成儒生經世濟民的自我期許,並躋身正統之道。然而,《女學》在衛三畏筆下被賦予另一種意義與期待,他不提藍鼎元的蹇促,以建構其完好形象,並希望透過《女學》讓讀者了解中國的道德程度。衛三畏認為透過了解中國女性,便可以明白中國道德之多寡;這與美國十九世紀「婦德說」思潮實為呼應,強調女性影響力與道德的相關性、相信女性具有淨化社會之功用。 回溯衛三畏生平、觀看美國十九世紀社會之後,再分析《女學》譯文,會發現衛三畏在篇章選擇、語言使用、中國女性形象建構上都受美國文化影響。衛三畏筆下描繪的中國女性形象,除一般常提及的知識貧瘠、道德高尚、守貞守身、男尊女卑之外,衛三畏也強調女性具有影響力,呈現相似於「基督教母親」的典範。這些都是美國文化脈絡影響的痕跡。 總和地看,《女學》是衛三畏一面看著中國,一面想著美國文化及讀者,再下筆而成的譯本。在這過程中,衛三畏既是接收者,也是創造者。因此,筆者歸結出一「雙菱形」模式,藉此同時關照中國藍鼎元《女學》與美國衛三畏的《女學》英譯,以求更周延地解讀《女學》的流動與文本意義。Editors of The Chinese Repository translated many Chinese books to English to eliminate misconceptions regarding China. This essay applies Wendy Griswold’s concept of “the cultural diamond” to analyze Samuel Wells Williams’ translation of Lan Dingyuan’s Female Instructor in the periodical. Female Instructor is interpreted variously. Dingyuan wrote Female Instructor to enhance social morals but also hoped to be considered a Confucian scholar. Williams constructed an idealistic image of Dingyuan in his interpretation. He wanted to acquaint readers with Chinese morals and “true womanhood” through Female Instructor, wherein women were believed to purify social evils. Obviously, Williams’ American culture influenced his portrayal of Chinese women and tone in Female Instructor. Therefore, he also partook in the creation of Female Instructor through his interpretations and simultaneous observations of America and China. This essay revisits “the cultural diamond” as “the double cultural diamond” to study the multiple construals and trajectory of Female Instructor.文化翻譯衛三畏女學文化菱形《中國叢報》cultural translationSamuel Wells WilliamsFemale Instructorthe cultural diamondthe Chinese Repository衛三畏與《女學》英譯研究Samuel Wells Williams and His Translation of Female Instructor