劉以德Yi-De, LIU李文心Li Wen Hsin2019-08-282015-12-302019-08-282014http://etds.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi?o=dstdcdr&s=id=%22GN0699820021%22.&%22.id.&http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw:80/handle/20.500.12235/85950摘要 真實性與文化商品化議題長久以來環環相扣。眼觀當代歷史城市因為觀光規劃失策而導致「系列性複製」、「迪士尼化」的失真現象比比皆是，令人再度反思觀光規劃的方式跟意義。究竟觀光真實性的形變、構築與文化商品化之交互關係為何? 綜觀當前相關的真實性學術論究呼籲，後續研究在繼有的三種真實性類型論(客觀、建構和存在真實性)架構上，應該採用更加綜合方式及多元視角去研究旅遊主體、客體間的相互關係以利解決區域觀光發展中發生的實際問題。因此，本研究將從官方觀光規劃者、當地表演者和觀光客三類主體者層次出發，以真實性類型論切題，引介兼具遺產觀光和童話觀光元素的德國哈美恩城為本，檢視該歷史城市在一系列文化商品化展演之中真實性的形變與意涵。就研究方法而言，由於本研究著重從城市之整體社會情境、不同主體者及旅遊客體的互動，來檢視真實性成因脈絡。故筆者依循過往真實性之社會研究方式，以質性研究為準。為求實證的完整度，筆者採用個案研究求證邏輯模式，分為前導階段之文件蒐集、第一階段之直接觀察法與訪談法、第二階段之電子郵件與facebook內容分析法，配合三階段不同目的執行以確保本個案多重來源蒐集。筆者以德國童話大道歷史城鎮哈美恩為例，期能向國內說明文藝觀光產品開發模式以及城市如何在相仿文藝觀光產品的競爭下建立起自身獨特、真實性。本研究結果確實呼應真實化新見解，時間演化、主客體互動的冷、熱式觀光真實化研究可以是解決歷史城市系列複製等實際問題的方法之一。此外，研究更梳理出觀光真實化理論架構 (定位、圍繞主題、創新與紀錄)，以作為歷史城市在理解、監管觀光真實化表現、功能和意義時考量條件之一。Abstract Authenticity and cultural commoditization has long been intertwined. Contemporary unwise tourism planning of historic cities has led to "serial re-production" or " Disneyization". This "Authenticity-loss" phenomenon make people rethink the method as well as meaning of tourism planning. A question is raised. What is the interaction between the deformation of authenticity and cultural commoditization? The latest academic researches related to authenticity issue have urged that follow-up studies, based on three authenticity paradigms (objective, constructive and existential authenticity), should adopt a more integrated and diverse perspective to explore the relationship between actors and toured-objects in order to address the practical problems happen in regional tourism development. Therefore, this study selects three types of actors (the official tourism planners, local performers and tourists) to check the deformation and implication of authenticity in the process of cultural commoditization of a historic city. The German historic city Hameln with heritage tourism and literary tourism would be introduced as the case study. This research is conducted in qualitative method because the researcher aims to decode the deformation of authenticity in different social contexts. The case study is divided into three phases as documents collection, direct observation and interview, e-mail analysis and facebook content analysis. With three phrases, different strategies with purposes would be implemented to ensure the collection of multiple sources. The member city of fairy tale route-Hameln is introduced in order to explain the literary tourism planning model and its differentiation strategy among the similar tourism group. This research explains that the combination of hot and cold authentication with characters of time-emergent and actors-interacted could be a solution to the serial reproduction of tourist historic city. Furthermore, this research constructs a framework of authentication as a preference for cities to understand and oversee the process of authentication.觀光真實化真實化生命周期集體記憶文學觀光tourism authenticationthe life cycle of authenticationcollective memoryliterary tourism