臺灣地區非致命事故傷害狀況

Abstract

目標：瞭解臺灣地區非致命事故傷害流行狀況。方法：本研究利用2001年國民健康訪問調查家戶資料檔，分析就醫或住院之事故傷害盛行狀況，資料收集方法係以結構問卷面訪，由最瞭解家戶資料者回答家中成員過去一年曾否發生非致命就醫事故傷害狀況。完訪家戶包括臺灣代表性的5,798家戶、山地鄉代表性的532家戶及離島代表性的391家戶。結果：臺灣地區民眾自述過去一年主要之就醫事故傷害依其盛行率由高而低依序為:交通事故、跌倒/落、燒燙傷及割傷。其中交通事故與跌倒/落傷害盛行率皆為2.6%。交通事故與跌倒/落在年齡、家戶收入及地區別上皆有顯著差異。尤以男性、15-24歲或家戶收入少於3萬者之就醫交通事故盛行率較高。交通事故工具主要為機車(78.9%)，事故傷害時有22.2%未戴安全帽或繫安全帶，3.5%事故傷害前有喝酒。按地區別，以山地鄉駕駛人事故傷害前喝酒的比例(34.6%)及未用安全帽(帶)的比例(38.5%)最高。在跌倒/落事故傷害方面，以65歲以上跌倒/落事故傷害盛行率(6.3%)最高；至於發生跌倒/落傷害的地點，14歲以下幼童較常發生在上下樓梯；15-24歲青壯年較常發生在運動場所或遊戲區；25歲以上較常發生於走在平坦或有坡度的路面。結論：臺灣民眾就醫事故傷害主要為交通事故與跌倒/落。交通事故的危險因子包括山地、男性、家戶收入較低者、駕駛人、機車使用者、事故前喝酒或未用安全帽(帶)等有關。跌倒/落則以幼童、職場及老人最常見。至有必要加強宣導行車前不喝酒及行車使用安全帽(帶)，並建立學校、職場及社區之跌倒/落管理模式。

Objectives: The study aims to understand the epidemiologic patterns of nonfatal unintentional injuries in Taiwan. Methods: Using the 2001 NHIS(National Health Interview Survey) household data, the study demonstrated the prevalence of medically attended unintentional injuries. The data was collected by a face-to-face questionnaire interview from respondents of 5,789 Taiwan households, 532 mountain households, and 391 off-shore island households, about the household members' nonfatal accident injuries in the past year. Results: Motor vehicle accidents, falls, burns/scalds, and lacerations were the top four causes resulting in medical care in the previous year for Taiwan residents. The prevalence of medically attended motor vehicle and fall injuries in the past year were 2.6%, and were significantly associated with age, household income, and geographic area. Males, aged from 15-24, and from low household income had higher prevalence of motor vehicle injuries. Of those who had motor vehicle injuries, 78.9% were involved with motorcycles, 22.2% did not wear a helmet or buckle up a seat-belt, and 3.5% had drunk alcoholic beverages. Mountain residents had the highest prevalence of drunken(34.6%) or unprotected(38.5%) riding. Respondents aged above 65 had the highest prevalence of fall injuries. The most common place of falling by age was: up/down stairs for ages 14 and under, at a sports field or play ground for ages 15-24, and on a smooth or sloping pathway for ages 25 and over. Conclusions: Motor vehicle accidents and falls were the two leading causes of medically attended injuries for Taiwan residents. Risk factors related to medically attended motor vehicle accident injuries included mountain residency, male, low household income, drivers, motorcycle riders, and drunk or unprotected driving. A high prevalence of medically attended fall injuries was observed in children, in work sites, and at ages 65 or over. It implies the necessity to promote the usage of helmets and seat-belts and the abstinence from drunken driving, and to establish falls management models in schools, in work sites and in communities.