國中青少年關係攻擊與關係受害之縱貫性研究：社會適應與相關因素之探討(I)
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Date
2011/8-2012/7
Authors
程景琳
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Abstract
相對於肢體攻擊的顯而易見，關係攻擊是一種較為隱匿且不易被察覺的攻擊形式，主要以破壞人際關係的方式達到傷害他人的目的。近年來的相關研究發現，涉入關係攻擊互動的青少年有較差的同儕接納度與較多的內化性問題，而社會認知偏誤會引發青少年的關係攻擊行為，並且關係受害特別不利於青少年的情緒表現與心理社會適應；可知關係攻擊對青少年發展的傷害性不容小覷。雖然過去研究已經發現關係攻擊與青少年的社會認知、情緒發展與適應表現有關，但對於相關變項間的相互影響與因果關係仍未獲得清楚的釐清與一致的結論。又鑑於國中階段是青少年最重視同儕關係，同時也是身心發展變化最劇烈的時期，因此本研究擬以縱貫性研究的方式，追蹤國中青少年在校三年間的關係攻擊互動與其認知、情緒及適應三者變項的相互關係，並探討其對個體適應表現的長期影響。綜而言之，本研究有以下三個研究目的：（一）追蹤關係攻擊者與關係受害者的心理社會適應在國中時期的變化情形；（二）釐清人際意圖歸因和關係攻擊規範信念等社會認知特性與關係攻擊的因果關係；以及（三）探討包含拒絕敏感度和社交自我效能等社會情緒因素，對關係受害與個體適應表現間之間接作用影響。
Relational aggression is a covert form of aggression. Aggressors usually take advantage of their social power to manipulate interpersonal relationships within social networks and thus to achieve goals of hurting. Researchers have found that both relational aggressors and victims are more inclined to suffer internalizing problems and less liked by peers. In addition, social cognitive biases, such as hostile attributions, are distinct features of aggressors while victims are especially vulnerable to socio-emotional concerns (e.g., fear of rejection) when getting along with peers. However, previous findings were generally based on cross-sectional studies, which limited the qualified inferences of the casual relations among relational aggression, social cognitive biases, emotional characteristics, and psychosocial adjustment. Considering the delicate and important nature of social-emotional development during adolescence, the present study aims to conduct a three-year longitudinal study in order to examine: (1) the developmental changes in psychosocial adjustment of adolescents with relational aggression and with relational victimization, (2) the causal relationships between social cognitive biases and relational aggression, and (3) the indirect effects of socio-emotional factors on the relationship between relational victimization and psychosocial adjustment.
Relational aggression is a covert form of aggression. Aggressors usually take advantage of their social power to manipulate interpersonal relationships within social networks and thus to achieve goals of hurting. Researchers have found that both relational aggressors and victims are more inclined to suffer internalizing problems and less liked by peers. In addition, social cognitive biases, such as hostile attributions, are distinct features of aggressors while victims are especially vulnerable to socio-emotional concerns (e.g., fear of rejection) when getting along with peers. However, previous findings were generally based on cross-sectional studies, which limited the qualified inferences of the casual relations among relational aggression, social cognitive biases, emotional characteristics, and psychosocial adjustment. Considering the delicate and important nature of social-emotional development during adolescence, the present study aims to conduct a three-year longitudinal study in order to examine: (1) the developmental changes in psychosocial adjustment of adolescents with relational aggression and with relational victimization, (2) the causal relationships between social cognitive biases and relational aggression, and (3) the indirect effects of socio-emotional factors on the relationship between relational victimization and psychosocial adjustment.