教學方式與引導策略對國小四年級學習者micro:bit程式設計學習成效及態度之影響

Abstract

本研究旨在探討程式設計教學方式及引導策略對於國小四年級學習者在微型電腦micro:bit程式設計學習成效及學習態度的影響。學習者依循不同的學習方式與學習單所提供之引導策略進行遊戲專題。研究對象為國小四年級學習者，採因子設計之準實驗研究法，參與者為台北市某國小四年級217位學生，剔除未能全程參與者50人，並依前測總分剔除各組極端值共15人，故有效樣本152人。自變項包含教學方式及引導策略；教學方式依教學導引之差異區分為「情境導向學習」與「功能導向學習」；引導策略則依提供之引導方式分為「問題引導」與「程序引導」。依變項包含程式設計之學習成效(知識理解、知識應用、實作表現)與學習態度(動機、幫助度、滿意度)。 研究結果顯示：就學習成效而言，(1)在知識理解方面，功能導向學習組優於情境導向學習組；(2)在知識應用方面，以功能導向為學習方式時，問題引導組的學習表現優於程序引導組；而以問題引導為策略時，功能導向學習組的學習表現優於情境導向學習組；(3)在實作表現方面，以情境導向為學習方式時，問題引導組的學習表現優於程序引導組；而以程序引導為策略時，功能導向學習組優於情境導向學習組。在學習態度方面，(4)各實驗組學習者對微型電腦micro:bit程式設計學習活動皆抱持著正向的學習動機；(5)以程序引導為策略時，情境導向學習組的學習者比功能導向學習組感受到較高的學習幫助度與滿意度。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of types of teaching strategy and guiding strategy on elementary students’ micro:bit programming performance and attitude. A quasi-experimental design was employed and a total of 152 fourth graders participated in the experimental activity. The independent variables included programming teaching strategy (situation-oriented vs. function-oriented), and guiding strategy (question-guidance vs. procedure-guidance). The dependent variables were students’ learning performance and attitude. The results revealed that: (a) for the comprehension performance, the function-oriented group outperformed the situation-oriented group; (b) as for the application performance, while receiving the function-oriented learning, the question-guidance group outperformed the procedure-guidance group, and the function-oriented group outperformed the situation-oriented group while receiving the question guidance; (c) for the programming project performance, while receiving the situation-oriented learning, the question-guidance group outperformed the procedure-guidance group, and the function-oriented group outperformed the situation-oriented group while receiving the procedure-guidance; (d) all participants showed positive motivation toward the implemented mico:bit programming learning; furthermore, (e) in the procedure-guidance group, the situation-oriented group showed higher degree of attitude in aspects of helpfulness and satisfaction.