第二人生的蛻變: 職業女性退休後的生活重構與適應

Abstract

隨著臺灣人口高齡化與退休人口的增加，職業女性在退休後所面臨的生活重構與心理轉化日益受到關注。這些女性長期在職涯中承擔專業工作與家庭照顧的雙重角色，離開職場後必須面對身份重塑與自我認同轉換的多重挑戰。本研究以臺灣地區八位年齡介於55至70歲的中高階退休職業女性為對象，職業背景涵蓋教育、公職、企業、金融與學術等領域。研究採質性取向，運用半結構式深度訪談與主題分析，深入探討她們從職涯過渡到退休生活的心理歷程、挑戰與轉變。研究結果顯示，受訪者普遍在職涯中累積豐富成就，退休初期雖經歷情緒波動與角色認同的調整，仍能透過學習、社會參與與人際連結，逐步重建生活秩序與自我價值。同時，家庭、信仰及社區等支持系統在適應過程中發揮了關鍵作用。多數受訪者展現積極的未來規劃與公共參與意識，並呼籲建立更友善的退休支持體系。本研究補足了中高階職業女性退休經驗的質性研究缺口，強調退休並非角色的終結，而是重構生命意義的契機，並提出對未來退休政策與實務服務的具體建議。With Taiwan’s rapidly aging population and the growing number of retirees, increasing attention has been given to the life reconstruction and psychological transformation faced by professional women after retirement. These women have long borne the dual roles of professional work and family caregiving, and upon leaving the workplace, they must confront multiple challenges of identity reshaping and self-redefinition. This study focused on eight retired mid- to senior-level professional women in Taiwan, agedbetween 55 and 70, whose occupational backgrounds included education, public service, business, finance, and academia. Adopting a qualitative approach, the research employed semi-structured in-depth interviews and thematic analysis to explore their psychological journeys, challenges, and transformations in the transition from career to retirement life. The findings revealed that, while the participants had accumulated significant career achievements, they experienced emotional fluctuations and adjustments in role identity during the early stages of retirement. Nevertheless, through continued learning, social participation, and interpersonal connections, they gradually rebuilt their life order and sense of self-worth. Family, faith, and community support systems played a crucial role in this adaptation process. Most participants demonstrated proactive future planning and public engagement, and called for the establishment of a more supportive retirement infrastructure. This study fills a qualitative research gap regarding the retirement experiences of mid- to senior-level professional women, emphasizes that retirement is not the end of a role, but an opportunity to reconstruct life’s meaning, and offers concrete recommendations for future retirement policy and practical services.