機器人作為國小運算思維教學工具之系統性文獻回顧

Abstract

近年來各國開始積極推動電腦科學教育與運算思維能力，且隨著日常社會中科技的發展與普及，科技融入教學是近年來重要的教學模式之一，而當中的教育機器人做為一個跨多學科的教育整合工具更是近年來的研究趨勢。本研究旨在探討機器人作為國小階段教學工具融入課程中對於國小學生學習運算思維之影響，以系統性文獻回顧之方式，蒐集Scopus資料庫中2017至2022年近五年間的相關文章，共計16篇文獻並加以分析歸納，回答以下研究問題： (1) 在國小電腦科學學習中使用何種機器人進行教學？ (2) 在國小教育中如何將機器人作為教學工具融入電腦科學教學中？ (3) 國小學生對於機器人融入電腦科學課程中學習到那些運算思維能力？其學習成效為何？ 研究結果發現，國小階段學習運算思維之機器人，多使用不需組裝的機器人，並以視覺化程式設計環境與之搭配，而在機器人活動的教學策略上使用合作學習並搭配問題導向式學習。而國小學生在經歷機器人教學活動後，在學習運算思維方面呈現增長，顯示在國小階段以機器人作為教學工具進行運算思維之學習是有成效的。最後本研究根據研究結果提出相關建議，期望此文獻回顧給予研究人員以及教育工作者相應的支持與一個參考方向。

In recent years, many countries begin to promote computer science education and computational thinking. With the development of technology in our daily life, information technology integrated into instruction has become one of the important teaching modes in recent years. Educational robots, as an interdisciplinary integration tool, become a research trend in recent years. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of robots as a teaching tool for computational thinking in elementary schools. This paper collected relevant articles in Scopus database in the past five years from 2017 to 2022. A total of 16 literatures were collected and analyzed to answer the following research questions: (1) What kind of robots were used for computer science learning in elementary schools? (2) How the robots as a teaching tool were used for computer science teaching in elementary education? (3) What kinds of computational thinking abilities did elementary school students learn from robotics learning for computer science? And what were their learning outcomes? The results of the study showed that teachers mostly used assembled robots with a visual programming environment as a teaching tool. In addition, cooperative learning along with problem-based learning was the most used teaching strategy in robotics learning activities. After experiencing robotics learning activities, elementary school students have shown an improvement in computational thinking performance. It shows that robotics is an effective teaching tool for enhancing students’ computational thinking performance in elementary schools. According to the research findings, some future research and teaching practice suggestions have been provided for computer science educators and researchers in computational thinking.