大專七人制橄欖球運動員之競賽模式

Abstract

目的：探討大專七人制橄欖球運動員於正式比賽的運動模式，所獲數據將作為制定訓練計畫與替換策略的資訊。方法：本研究共招募12大專七人制橄欖球運動員。受試者將穿戴GPS (global positioning system, GPS) 感測器及內建的三軸加速度計與陀螺儀，於正規的七人制橄欖球比賽中收取總距離 (TD)、相對距離、高強度移動距離 (HIRD)、最大速度 (MS)、平均速度 (AVGS)、衝刺、加速 (ACC)、減速 (DEC)、碰撞、負荷指標與疲勞指標。以重複量數單因子變異數分析考驗各項指標於同半場中分段時間之差異；以相依樣本t檢定考驗各項指標不同半場之差異。結果：本研究收集完整4場正規比賽，並分析14人次打滿全場並未替換下場之人次 (n=14)。主要結果發現在同半場中TD、HIRD、MS、AVGS、衝刺、ACC、DEC皆有發現顯著差異，且在開賽第一分鐘活動水準達到高峰，隨後幾分鐘整體運動表現將呈現下滑跡象，而在第五分鐘活動水準有些為提升之趨勢；然而在不同半場中，上半場與下半場之間並未發現顯著差異。結論：表示隨著比賽時間推移，極短時間內累積的疲勞，將阻礙運動員的運動表現，因此教練應針對比賽所需的體能要求進行訓練或使用替換戰術，以防止高峰活動後體能的衰退。Purpose: This study aims to investigate the movement patterns of collegiate rugby sevens players during matches. The data obtained will be used to inform training programs and substitution strategies. Methods: Twelve collegiate seven-a-side rugby players were recruited for this study. Participants wore GPS (Global Positioning System) sensors, along with built-in triaxial accelerometers and gyroscopes, to collect data during official seven-a-side rugby matches. The parameters recorded included total distance (TD), relative distance, high-intensity running distance (HIRD), maximum speed (MS), average speed (AVGS), sprints, accelerations (ACC), decelerations (DEC), collisions, load indicators, and fatigue indicators. One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to test for differences in each parameter over segmented time periods within the same half, and paired samples t-tests were used to test for differences between halves. Results: Data were collected from four complete matches, analyzing 14 full-match instances where players were not substituted (n=14). Significant differences were found within the same half for TD, HIRD, MS, AVGS, sprints, ACC, and DEC, with activity levels peaking in the first minute of play and subsequently declining over the next few minutes. A slight increase in activity was observed around the fifth minute. However, no significant differences were found between the first and second halves. Conclusion: The study indicate that fatigue accumulated over a short period during the match hinders athletic performance. Therefore, coaches should tailor training to meet the physical demands of the game or employ substitution strategies to prevent a decline in performance following peak activity.