漢語被字句的形式句法分析---由近代漢語到現代漢語
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Date
2009/08-2010/07
Authors
丁仁
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Abstract
自然語言中被動句式的句法表現，一向是生成語法的研究焦點之一，在生成語法的發 展上，占有極顯著的地位。在漢語被動句之研究上，仍以帶有標記 “被”的被動句為主。 近年來對被字句依主事名詞出現與否而採不統合分析(Ting 1995, 1998, Huang 1999, cf. Cheng, Huang, Li & Li 1993)似乎已漸漸成為對於現代漢語被字句的主流意見。雖然如 此，也有一些學者並不表贊同（石2005、石＆胡2005）。本計畫擬參酌其他學者所提出 對被字句不同的看法，考察更多的語料，而重新省視不統合分析，以對被字句的句法作 一通盤考量，進而確立被字句的句法分析。為釐清現代漢語被字句的句法結構，本計畫 也將探討近代漢語被字句的句法結構。本研究計畫的重要性在於：藉由對現代漢語及其 前身近代漢語被字句的全面考察，制訂一個真正合乎漢語語法系統的被字句分析，並且 將生成語法帶入漢語歷史句法的討論，也將競爭中的語法(grammars in competition)、語 言變化(change)與語言變異(variation)這些與歷史語法相關的概念帶入漢語語法的討論。 本計畫擬進行二年，由以下二項議題來進行全面且系統性的研究：(1) 近代漢語被字句 的形式語法分析 (2) 現代漢語被字句的形式語法分析。研究方法將採質量並重原則，依 據研究主題與議題收集語料，全盤性、有系統地進行歸納及語型之頻率統計並進行分 析。然後，再多方驗證以確認此分析之可靠性與解釋性。本計畫在學術及應用方面之預 期成果與具體貢獻如下： 1. 研究成果將確立近代漢語與現代漢語被字句結構分析，並增進吾人對自然語言被動句 形成策略的瞭解，並促進吾人對格位理論、題元理論、移動理論等句法模組理論及 句法運作機制之瞭解及修訂句法運作機制之基礎。 2. 研究成果將把漢語歷史句法研究納入目前正方興未艾以生成語法來研究歷史句法之 學術潮流的一環，使漢語歷史句法研究與世界其他語言之句法研究相接軌。 3. 研究成果將支持語言變異(language variation)這個概念在建構語法理論上的重要性， 從而重視語言變異的現象及語言事實的出現頻率。 4. 研究成果可據以建立一可靠之小型近代漢語與現代漢語被字句語料庫，提供語言學者 及對外華語教學者與學習者做為研究及參考之用。 5. 研究成果將撰寫成論文，投稿於SSCI 或AHCI 期刊。 此外，研究助理參與計畫所受之訓練，無論是日後從事語言教學或繼續從事語言學 研究都會有所助益。
The goal of this project is to investigate the bei construction in Mandarin Chinese. Extending my previous analyses of the bei construction (1998, 2008), this project will revisit the non-uniform analysis as put forth by Ting (1995, 1998) and Huang (1999) in the aim to propose an adequate analysis for the bei construction in Chinese. In order to achieve this purpose, this project will include the investigation of the bei construction in Middle Chinese. The study of the bei construction in both Middle and Modern Chinese not only will enhance our understanding of the mechanism of Universal Grammar and Chinese syntax but also will bring the perspective of generative grammar into the study of historical Chinese syntax and lends support to the importance of the concept of grammars in competition, language change and language variation for syntactic theory. The research method will be both quantitative and qualitative. We will collect data and previous literature based on selected issues, obtain linguistic patterns and generalizations, and form hypotheses. We will then test the proposed analysis against more data. The expected results and contributions are as follows: 1. The results will establish the analysis of the bei construction in Middle and Modern Chinese, and enhances our understanding of the mechanism of Universal Grammar as well as of Chinese syntax. 2. The results will bring the study of Chinese historical syntax in line with study of other languages under the perspective of generative grammar. 3. The results will support the role played by the concept of language variation in constructing linguistic theory. 4. The results will establish a corpus of the bei constructions in Middle and Modern Chinese for the use of linguistics researchers, language instructors and language students. 5. The results will be published in international SSCI or AHCI journals. The training received by the research assistants will be beneficial to their future career either in linguistics research or in language teaching
The goal of this project is to investigate the bei construction in Mandarin Chinese. Extending my previous analyses of the bei construction (1998, 2008), this project will revisit the non-uniform analysis as put forth by Ting (1995, 1998) and Huang (1999) in the aim to propose an adequate analysis for the bei construction in Chinese. In order to achieve this purpose, this project will include the investigation of the bei construction in Middle Chinese. The study of the bei construction in both Middle and Modern Chinese not only will enhance our understanding of the mechanism of Universal Grammar and Chinese syntax but also will bring the perspective of generative grammar into the study of historical Chinese syntax and lends support to the importance of the concept of grammars in competition, language change and language variation for syntactic theory. The research method will be both quantitative and qualitative. We will collect data and previous literature based on selected issues, obtain linguistic patterns and generalizations, and form hypotheses. We will then test the proposed analysis against more data. The expected results and contributions are as follows: 1. The results will establish the analysis of the bei construction in Middle and Modern Chinese, and enhances our understanding of the mechanism of Universal Grammar as well as of Chinese syntax. 2. The results will bring the study of Chinese historical syntax in line with study of other languages under the perspective of generative grammar. 3. The results will support the role played by the concept of language variation in constructing linguistic theory. 4. The results will establish a corpus of the bei constructions in Middle and Modern Chinese for the use of linguistics researchers, language instructors and language students. 5. The results will be published in international SSCI or AHCI journals. The training received by the research assistants will be beneficial to their future career either in linguistics research or in language teaching