建基於眼動的自閉症初步診斷之研究

Abstract

自閉症被視為具有高度異質性的神經發展障礙，且在認知與口語能力上有多種失調，若有一套建基於眼動的自閉症初步診斷系統設置於中小學內，對全校學生作初步診斷，及早找出可能患有自閉症的孩子，給予進一步的協助與治療。本研究使用眼動儀詳實客觀記錄與瞭解受試者觀看刺激材料影片的眼動歷程，並邀請 19位高職自閉症學生、23位高職非自閉症學生，共計42位學生參與2 × 2 × 4 × 2 四因子混合準實驗，進行16支刺激材料影片的觀看。眼動數據以SPSS統計軟體進行描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析進行統計分析工作，並以scan-path與hot-zone分析工具協助完善受試者的眼動歷程。實驗結果發現：（1）自閉症學生與非自閉症學生觀看2人2句1物、2人4句1物、2人4句2物、4人2句1物、4人4句1物等5支等刺激材料影片的總凝視時間（TCT）達顯著差異；（2）自閉症學生與非自閉症學生觀看2人2句1物、2人2句2物、2人4句1物、2人4句2物、2人6句1物、2人6句2物、2人8句2物、4人4句1物、4人4句2物等9支等刺激材料影片的總凝視次數（NOF）達顯著差異；（3）自閉症學生與非自閉症學生的眼動歷程（熱區、視線軌跡）呈現明顯不同；（4）自閉症學生與非自閉症學生之眼動儀九點校正的校正次數與最佳校正效果皆達顯著差異。本研究旨在提供自閉症學生觀看刺激材料影片的眼動證據與實驗結果，可作為理論研究之參考；在實務方面，可提供學校一套低價的自閉症初步診斷系統，擴大初步診斷的普及率，及早找出有自閉症的孩童，即時提供他們有效的改善方法。Autism is a physical condition that characterized by neurodevelopmental disorder, and which includes cognitive and oral ability disorder. If there are diagnostic system based on eye-tracking system for middle school students, the autism students may be discovered and cured in early childhood accordingly. The present study utilized eye tracker to collect data in order to explore the processes of eye movement when the participants watch the stimulated materials. There were 19 vocational high school students with autism and 23 vocational high school students, totally 42 participants in this study. The research method is 2 × 2 × 4 × 2 quasi-experimental. Research design with 16 stimulated materials. The descriptive statistic, independent t test, and ANOVA analysis were analyzed by SPSS, scan-path, and hot-zone record software. The results showed that there were significantly different between autism and non-autism participants on TCT when they watch video with two characters, two sentences, and one object; two characters, four sentences, and one object; two characters, four sentences, and two object; four characters, two sentences, and one object; and four characters, four sentences, and one object. Secondly, there were significantly different between autism and non-autism participants on NOF when they watch video with two characters, two sentences, and one object; two characters, two sentences, and two object; two characters, four sentences, and one object; two characters, four sentences, and two object; two characters, six sentences, and one object; two characters, six sentences, and two object; two characters, eight sentences, and two object; four characters, four sentences, and one object; and four characters, four sentences, and two object. Thirdly, there were significantly different between autism and non-autism participants on eye tracks includes scan-path and hot-zone. Lastly, there were significantly different between autism and non-autism participants on frequency and validations on the performance of nine-pointed calibration. The main contribution of the present study is to provide the evident-based results based on eye tracking record of autism participants, which extended the related theory. The results also proposed the potential application of diagnostic system based on eye-tracking system may be an efficient way to take care of the autism students.