從格致到科學
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Date
2011-10-??
Authors
陳世文
楊文金
古智雄
Shih-Wen Chen
Wen-Gin Yang
Chih-Hsiung Ku
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
臺灣師範大學科學教育中心
National Taiwan Normal University Science Education Center
National Taiwan Normal University Science Education Center
Abstract
本文根據相關的史料研究，以格致到科學之詞彙演化為主軸，從格致意義的變遷、科學一詞的發跡以及科學課程的演進三個面向來探討近代西方科學傳入中國的歷程及其對科學教育所帶來的意義與啟示。研究顯示格致大致經歷三次意義的變遷：宋明儒學時期作為格物致知之解、明末清初時期為窮知事理與指涉科學之意的混用、以及清末時期作為科學的代名詞。學界普遍認定科學一詞約於十九世紀末由日本傳入，但對於該詞是「本土」詞彙或「外來」詞彙、以及誰最早使用科學一詞仍多爭論。而科學課程最早起源於教會學校，爾後歷經學堂、書院等機構，至二十世紀初的癸卯學制才納入學校課程中，初等教育的科學仍以格致稱之，而中等教育與高等教育的科學科目則類似今日學校科學科目的分類。最後本文梳理西方科學東傳過程中科學所經歷三個面貌的蛻變，追溯早期科學教育的推行概況，並提出這些事件帶給現今科學教育的啟示，使科學教育界對於西方科學傳入中國有更深的體認與省思。
Based on the literatures of history of science, this study sheds light on the impacts and implications of the introduction of western science to China with the context from ‘Ge-zhi’ to ‘science’ in terms of the evolvement of the meaning of Ge-zhi, the genesis of the term ‘science’ in China, and the development of science curriculum, which is supposed to provide more insights of the history of science in China for science education academics to facilitate deeper understanding and rethinking about the relationship between China and science in science teaching and science education research.
Based on the literatures of history of science, this study sheds light on the impacts and implications of the introduction of western science to China with the context from ‘Ge-zhi’ to ‘science’ in terms of the evolvement of the meaning of Ge-zhi, the genesis of the term ‘science’ in China, and the development of science curriculum, which is supposed to provide more insights of the history of science in China for science education academics to facilitate deeper understanding and rethinking about the relationship between China and science in science teaching and science education research.