戰後英國師資培育研究(1945-2010)
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Date
2012-07-01
Authors
周愚文
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Abstract
二次大戰後原世界強權的大英帝國逐漸崩解，美俄代之而起。再歷經兩次石油危 機，以致英國政經影響力已不如前。至於教育方面的變化，二次大戰後，是在〈1944 年教育法〉的框架下發展。1960 年代《普勞頓報告》主張改採「兒童中心」的教育理 念，而影響之後初等教育的走向；；工黨大力推動綜合中學，改變了先前的中等教育 三分制；《羅賓斯報告》的建議，則促使高等教育的擴張。然而1970 年代由於經濟表 現失利，因此各外界將教育當成替罪羔羊。1979 年保守黨主政後，一方面強調新自由 主義、市場機制與競爭，一方面加強中央控制。〈1988 年教育改革〉法頒佈，使得原有 制度與課程，出現結構性的變革。1997 年工黨重新執政至2010 年，其大體仍延續保守 黨的路線。這六十年的變化，連帶影響到師資培育政策。 本研究即是在「英國近代教育研究(1780-1944)」及「英國戰後教育研究(1945-2010)」 兩個研究計畫成果上，繼續探討英格蘭二十世紀後期的師資培育發展，範圍自1945 年 至2010 年止。主要目的有三：一、探討英國二次世界大戰後師資培育的發展與變革。 二、分析影響師資培育發展的因素。三、尋求英國師資培育變革可資借鑑吾人之處。 本研究為期兩年，將依序探討背景、1945-1979, 1979-1997,1997-2010 年各期變化， 然後進行分析與討論，最後提出結論。
After World War II, Great Britain lost her super power status, which was replaced by USA and USSR. As to the educational system in England after 1945, it was under the structure of 1944 Education Act. During the 1960s, some great changes were happened. The ideas of child-centered education were adopted by the Plowden Report, which made the innovation of primary education. The Labour Party promoted the Comprehensive Schools to replace the tripartite system of secondary education since 1945. The Robbins Report recommended the expansion of higher education and reform of teacher education. Since 1979, Conservative party took power; the ideas of neo-liberalism, free market and central control were introduced. Until 1988, Education Reform Act 1988 made a great change on structure and curriculum. After 1997, Labour party took office again, but it still followed the Conservative policies. Those policies had great influence on the teacher education. The main purpose of this project is to inquire the development and innovation of teacher educational system in England in the second half of the twentieth century, which was on the basis of the findings of two previous research on modern English education(1780-1944, 1945-2010) by author. And then it is to analyze the influential factors on teacher education. The study adopts historical approach. First-hand and second-hand sources are used. The main contents will include the five parts: background, 1945-1979, 1979-1997, 1997-2010, analysis and discussion. Some suggestions will be made.
After World War II, Great Britain lost her super power status, which was replaced by USA and USSR. As to the educational system in England after 1945, it was under the structure of 1944 Education Act. During the 1960s, some great changes were happened. The ideas of child-centered education were adopted by the Plowden Report, which made the innovation of primary education. The Labour Party promoted the Comprehensive Schools to replace the tripartite system of secondary education since 1945. The Robbins Report recommended the expansion of higher education and reform of teacher education. Since 1979, Conservative party took power; the ideas of neo-liberalism, free market and central control were introduced. Until 1988, Education Reform Act 1988 made a great change on structure and curriculum. After 1997, Labour party took office again, but it still followed the Conservative policies. Those policies had great influence on the teacher education. The main purpose of this project is to inquire the development and innovation of teacher educational system in England in the second half of the twentieth century, which was on the basis of the findings of two previous research on modern English education(1780-1944, 1945-2010) by author. And then it is to analyze the influential factors on teacher education. The study adopts historical approach. First-hand and second-hand sources are used. The main contents will include the five parts: background, 1945-1979, 1979-1997, 1997-2010, analysis and discussion. Some suggestions will be made.